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<div class="section" id="creating-built-distributions">
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<span id="built-dist"></span><h1>5. Creating Built Distributions<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-built-distributions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p>A “built distribution” is what you’re probably used to thinking of either as a
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“binary package” or an “installer” (depending on your background). It’s not
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necessarily binary, though, because it might contain only Python source code
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and/or byte-code; and we don’t call it a package, because that word is already
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spoken for in Python. (And “installer” is a term specific to the world of
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mainstream desktop systems.)</p>
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<p>A built distribution is how you make life as easy as possible for installers of
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your module distribution: for users of RPM-based Linux systems, it’s a binary
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RPM; for Windows users, it’s an executable installer; for Debian-based Linux
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users, it’s a Debian package; and so forth. Obviously, no one person will be
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able to create built distributions for every platform under the sun, so the
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Distutils are designed to enable module developers to concentrate on their
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specialty—writing code and creating source distributions—while an
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intermediary species called <em>packagers</em> springs up to turn source distributions
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into built distributions for as many platforms as there are packagers.</p>
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<p>Of course, the module developer could be their own packager; or the packager could
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be a volunteer “out there” somewhere who has access to a platform which the
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original developer does not; or it could be software periodically grabbing new
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source distributions and turning them into built distributions for as many
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platforms as the software has access to. Regardless of who they are, a packager
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uses the setup script and the <strong class="command">bdist</strong> command family to generate built
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distributions.</p>
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<p>As a simple example, if I run the following command in the Distutils source
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tree:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">bdist</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>then the Distutils builds my module distribution (the Distutils itself in this
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case), does a “fake” installation (also in the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">build</span></code> directory), and
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creates the default type of built distribution for my platform. The default
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format for built distributions is a “dumb” tar file on Unix, and a simple
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executable installer on Windows. (That tar file is considered “dumb” because it
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has to be unpacked in a specific location to work.)</p>
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<p>Thus, the above command on a Unix system creates
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<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Distutils-1.0.</span><em><span class="pre">plat</span></em><span class="pre">.tar.gz</span></code>; unpacking this tarball from the right place
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installs the Distutils just as though you had downloaded the source distribution
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and run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python</span> <span class="pre">setup.py</span> <span class="pre">install</span></code>. (The “right place” is either the root of
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the filesystem or Python’s <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">prefix</span></em></code> directory, depending on the options
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given to the <strong class="command">bdist_dumb</strong> command; the default is to make dumb
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distributions relative to <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">prefix</span></em></code>.)</p>
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<p>Obviously, for pure Python distributions, this isn’t any simpler than just
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running <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python</span> <span class="pre">setup.py</span> <span class="pre">install</span></code>—but for non-pure distributions, which
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include extensions that would need to be compiled, it can mean the difference
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between someone being able to use your extensions or not. And creating “smart”
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built distributions, such as an RPM package or an executable installer for
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Windows, is far more convenient for users even if your distribution doesn’t
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include any extensions.</p>
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<p>The <strong class="command">bdist</strong> command has a <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--formats</span></code> option, similar to the
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<strong class="command">sdist</strong> command, which you can use to select the types of built
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distribution to generate: for example,</p>
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<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">bdist</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="nb">format</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">zip</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>would, when run on a Unix system, create
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<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Distutils-1.0.</span><em><span class="pre">plat</span></em><span class="pre">.zip</span></code>—again, this archive would be unpacked
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from the root directory to install the Distutils.</p>
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<p>The available formats for built distributions are:</p>
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<table class="docutils align-center">
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<colgroup>
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<col style="width: 25%" />
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<col style="width: 58%" />
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<col style="width: 17%" />
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</colgroup>
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<thead>
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<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Format</p></th>
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<th class="head"><p>Description</p></th>
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<th class="head"><p>Notes</p></th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gztar</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>gzipped tar file
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(<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.tar.gz</span></code>)</p></td>
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<td><p>(1)</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bztar</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>bzipped tar file
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(<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.tar.bz2</span></code>)</p></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xztar</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>xzipped tar file
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(<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.tar.xz</span></code>)</p></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ztar</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>compressed tar file
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(<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.tar.Z</span></code>)</p></td>
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<td><p>(3)</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tar</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>tar file (<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.tar</span></code>)</p></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zip</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>zip file (<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.zip</span></code>)</p></td>
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<td><p>(2),(4)</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rpm</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>RPM</p></td>
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<td><p>(5)</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkgtool</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>Solaris <strong class="program">pkgtool</strong></p></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sdux</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>HP-UX <strong class="program">swinstall</strong></p></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wininst</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>self-extracting ZIP file for
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Windows</p></td>
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<td><p>(4)</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">msi</span></code></p></td>
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<td><p>Microsoft Installer.</p></td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<div class="versionchanged">
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<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Added support for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xztar</span></code> format.</p>
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</div>
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<p>Notes:</p>
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<ol class="arabic simple">
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<li><p>default on Unix</p></li>
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<li><p>default on Windows</p></li>
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<li><p>requires external <strong class="program">compress</strong> utility.</p></li>
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<li><p>requires either external <strong class="program">zip</strong> utility or <a class="reference internal" href="../library/zipfile.html#module-zipfile" title="zipfile: Read and write ZIP-format archive files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zipfile</span></code></a> module (part
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of the standard Python library since Python 1.6)</p></li>
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<li><p>requires external <strong class="program">rpm</strong> utility, version 3.0.4 or better (use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rpm</span>
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<span class="pre">--version</span></code> to find out which version you have)</p></li>
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</ol>
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<p>You don’t have to use the <strong class="command">bdist</strong> command with the <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--formats</span></code>
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option; you can also use the command that directly implements the format you’re
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interested in. Some of these <strong class="command">bdist</strong> “sub-commands” actually generate
|
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several similar formats; for instance, the <strong class="command">bdist_dumb</strong> command
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generates all the “dumb” archive formats (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tar</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gztar</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bztar</span></code>,
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xztar</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ztar</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zip</span></code>), and <strong class="command">bdist_rpm</strong> generates both
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binary and source RPMs. The <strong class="command">bdist</strong> sub-commands, and the formats
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generated by each, are:</p>
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<table class="docutils align-center">
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<colgroup>
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<col style="width: 41%" />
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<col style="width: 59%" />
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</colgroup>
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<thead>
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<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Command</p></th>
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<th class="head"><p>Formats</p></th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><strong class="command">bdist_dumb</strong></p></td>
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<td><p>tar, gztar, bztar, xztar, ztar, zip</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><strong class="command">bdist_rpm</strong></p></td>
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<td><p>rpm, srpm</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p><strong class="command">bdist_wininst</strong></p></td>
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<td><p>wininst</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><strong class="command">bdist_msi</strong></p></td>
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<td><p>msi</p></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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|
<p>The following sections give details on the individual <strong class="command">bdist_*</strong>
|
|||
|
|
commands.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="section" id="creating-rpm-packages">
|
|||
|
|
<span id="creating-rpms"></span><h2>5.1. Creating RPM packages<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-rpm-packages" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The RPM format is used by many popular Linux distributions, including Red Hat,
|
|||
|
|
SuSE, and Mandrake. If one of these (or any of the other RPM-based Linux
|
|||
|
|
distributions) is your usual environment, creating RPM packages for other users
|
|||
|
|
of that same distribution is trivial. Depending on the complexity of your module
|
|||
|
|
distribution and differences between Linux distributions, you may also be able
|
|||
|
|
to create RPMs that work on different RPM-based distributions.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The usual way to create an RPM of your module distribution is to run the
|
|||
|
|
<strong class="command">bdist_rpm</strong> command:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">bdist_rpm</span>
|
|||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>or the <strong class="command">bdist</strong> command with the <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--format</span></code> option:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">bdist</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">formats</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">rpm</span>
|
|||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The former allows you to specify RPM-specific options; the latter allows you to
|
|||
|
|
easily specify multiple formats in one run. If you need to do both, you can
|
|||
|
|
explicitly specify multiple <strong class="command">bdist_*</strong> commands and their options:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">bdist_rpm</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">packager</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"John Doe <jdoe@example.org>"</span> \
|
|||
|
|
<span class="n">bdist_wininst</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">target</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">version</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"2.0"</span>
|
|||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Creating RPM packages is driven by a <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.spec</span></code> file, much as using the
|
|||
|
|
Distutils is driven by the setup script. To make your life easier, the
|
|||
|
|
<strong class="command">bdist_rpm</strong> command normally creates a <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.spec</span></code> file based on the
|
|||
|
|
information you supply in the setup script, on the command line, and in any
|
|||
|
|
Distutils configuration files. Various options and sections in the
|
|||
|
|
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.spec</span></code> file are derived from options in the setup script as follows:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<table class="docutils align-center">
|
|||
|
|
<colgroup>
|
|||
|
|
<col style="width: 48%" />
|
|||
|
|
<col style="width: 52%" />
|
|||
|
|
</colgroup>
|
|||
|
|
<thead>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>RPM <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.spec</span></code> file option or section</p></th>
|
|||
|
|
<th class="head"><p>Distutils setup script option</p></th>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</thead>
|
|||
|
|
<tbody>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Name</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">name</span></code></p></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Summary (in preamble)</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">description</span></code></p></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Version</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">version</span></code></p></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Vendor</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">author</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">author_email</span></code>,
|
|||
|
|
or — & <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maintainer</span></code> and
|
|||
|
|
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">maintainer_email</span></code></p></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Copyright</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">license</span></code></p></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Url</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">url</span></code></p></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>%description (section)</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">long_description</span></code></p></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</tbody>
|
|||
|
|
</table>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Additionally, there are many options in <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.spec</span></code> files that don’t have
|
|||
|
|
corresponding options in the setup script. Most of these are handled through
|
|||
|
|
options to the <strong class="command">bdist_rpm</strong> command as follows:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<table class="docutils align-center">
|
|||
|
|
<colgroup>
|
|||
|
|
<col style="width: 36%" />
|
|||
|
|
<col style="width: 34%" />
|
|||
|
|
<col style="width: 29%" />
|
|||
|
|
</colgroup>
|
|||
|
|
<thead>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>RPM <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.spec</span></code> file option
|
|||
|
|
or section</p></th>
|
|||
|
|
<th class="head"><p><strong class="command">bdist_rpm</strong> option</p></th>
|
|||
|
|
<th class="head"><p>default value</p></th>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</thead>
|
|||
|
|
<tbody>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Release</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">release</span></code></p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p>“1”</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Group</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">group</span></code></p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p>“Development/Libraries”</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Vendor</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vendor</span></code></p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p>(see above)</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Packager</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">packager</span></code></p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p>(none)</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Provides</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">provides</span></code></p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p>(none)</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Requires</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">requires</span></code></p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p>(none)</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Conflicts</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">conflicts</span></code></p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p>(none)</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Obsoletes</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">obsoletes</span></code></p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p>(none)</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Distribution</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">distribution_name</span></code></p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p>(none)</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>BuildRequires</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">build_requires</span></code></p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p>(none)</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Icon</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">icon</span></code></p></td>
|
|||
|
|
<td><p>(none)</p></td>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</tbody>
|
|||
|
|
</table>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Obviously, supplying even a few of these options on the command-line would be
|
|||
|
|
tedious and error-prone, so it’s usually best to put them in the setup
|
|||
|
|
configuration file, <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.cfg</span></code>—see section <a class="reference internal" href="configfile.html#setup-config"><span class="std std-ref">Writing the Setup Configuration File</span></a>. If
|
|||
|
|
you distribute or package many Python module distributions, you might want to
|
|||
|
|
put options that apply to all of them in your personal Distutils configuration
|
|||
|
|
file (<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.pydistutils.cfg</span></code>). If you want to temporarily disable
|
|||
|
|
this file, you can pass the <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--no-user-cfg</span></code> option to <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>There are three steps to building a binary RPM package, all of which are
|
|||
|
|
handled automatically by the Distutils:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<ol class="arabic simple">
|
|||
|
|
<li><p>create a <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.spec</span></code> file, which describes the package (analogous to the
|
|||
|
|
Distutils setup script; in fact, much of the information in the setup script
|
|||
|
|
winds up in the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.spec</span></code> file)</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><p>create the source RPM</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><p>create the “binary” RPM (which may or may not contain binary code, depending
|
|||
|
|
on whether your module distribution contains Python extensions)</p></li>
|
|||
|
|
</ol>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Normally, RPM bundles the last two steps together; when you use the Distutils,
|
|||
|
|
all three steps are typically bundled together.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>If you wish, you can separate these three steps. You can use the
|
|||
|
|
<code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--spec-only</span></code> option to make <strong class="command">bdist_rpm</strong> just create the
|
|||
|
|
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.spec</span></code> file and exit; in this case, the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.spec</span></code> file will be
|
|||
|
|
written to the “distribution directory”—normally <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dist/</span></code>, but
|
|||
|
|
customizable with the <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--dist-dir</span></code> option. (Normally, the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.spec</span></code>
|
|||
|
|
file winds up deep in the “build tree,” in a temporary directory created by
|
|||
|
|
<strong class="command">bdist_rpm</strong>.)</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="section" id="creating-windows-installers">
|
|||
|
|
<span id="creating-wininst"></span><h2>5.2. Creating Windows Installers<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-windows-installers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Executable installers are the natural format for binary distributions on
|
|||
|
|
Windows. They display a nice graphical user interface, display some information
|
|||
|
|
about the module distribution to be installed taken from the metadata in the
|
|||
|
|
setup script, let the user select a few options, and start or cancel the
|
|||
|
|
installation.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Since the metadata is taken from the setup script, creating Windows installers
|
|||
|
|
is usually as easy as running:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">bdist_wininst</span>
|
|||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>or the <strong class="command">bdist</strong> command with the <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--formats</span></code> option:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">bdist</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">formats</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">wininst</span>
|
|||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>If you have a pure module distribution (only containing pure Python modules and
|
|||
|
|
packages), the resulting installer will be version independent and have a name
|
|||
|
|
like <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo-1.0.win32.exe</span></code>. Note that creating <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wininst</span></code> binary
|
|||
|
|
distributions in only supported on Windows systems.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>If you have a non-pure distribution, the extensions can only be created on a
|
|||
|
|
Windows platform, and will be Python version dependent. The installer filename
|
|||
|
|
will reflect this and now has the form <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo-1.0.win32-py2.0.exe</span></code>. You
|
|||
|
|
have to create a separate installer for every Python version you want to
|
|||
|
|
support.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The installer will try to compile pure modules into <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytecode"><span class="xref std std-term">bytecode</span></a> after installation
|
|||
|
|
on the target system in normal and optimizing mode. If you don’t want this to
|
|||
|
|
happen for some reason, you can run the <strong class="command">bdist_wininst</strong> command with
|
|||
|
|
the <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--no-target-compile</span></code> and/or the <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--no-target-optimize</span></code>
|
|||
|
|
option.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>By default the installer will display the cool “Python Powered” logo when it is
|
|||
|
|
run, but you can also supply your own 152x261 bitmap which must be a Windows
|
|||
|
|
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.bmp</span></code> file with the <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--bitmap</span></code> option.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The installer will also display a large title on the desktop background window
|
|||
|
|
when it is run, which is constructed from the name of your distribution and the
|
|||
|
|
version number. This can be changed to another text by using the
|
|||
|
|
<code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--title</span></code> option.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The installer file will be written to the “distribution directory” — normally
|
|||
|
|
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dist/</span></code>, but customizable with the <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--dist-dir</span></code> option.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="section" id="cross-compiling-on-windows">
|
|||
|
|
<span id="cross-compile-windows"></span><h2>5.3. Cross-compiling on Windows<a class="headerlink" href="#cross-compiling-on-windows" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Starting with Python 2.6, distutils is capable of cross-compiling between
|
|||
|
|
Windows platforms. In practice, this means that with the correct tools
|
|||
|
|
installed, you can use a 32bit version of Windows to create 64bit extensions
|
|||
|
|
and vice-versa.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>To build for an alternate platform, specify the <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--plat-name</span></code> option
|
|||
|
|
to the build command. Valid values are currently ‘win32’, and ‘win-amd64’.
|
|||
|
|
For example, on a 32bit version of Windows, you could execute:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">build</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">plat</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">win</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">amd64</span>
|
|||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>to build a 64bit version of your extension. The Windows Installers also
|
|||
|
|
support this option, so the command:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">build</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">plat</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">win</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">amd64</span> <span class="n">bdist_wininst</span>
|
|||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>would create a 64bit installation executable on your 32bit version of Windows.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>To cross-compile, you must download the Python source code and cross-compile
|
|||
|
|
Python itself for the platform you are targeting - it is not possible from a
|
|||
|
|
binary installation of Python (as the .lib etc file for other platforms are
|
|||
|
|
not included.) In practice, this means the user of a 32 bit operating
|
|||
|
|
system will need to use Visual Studio 2008 to open the
|
|||
|
|
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PCbuild/PCbuild.sln</span></code> solution in the Python source tree and build the
|
|||
|
|
“x64” configuration of the ‘pythoncore’ project before cross-compiling
|
|||
|
|
extensions is possible.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Note that by default, Visual Studio 2008 does not install 64bit compilers or
|
|||
|
|
tools. You may need to reexecute the Visual Studio setup process and select
|
|||
|
|
these tools (using Control Panel->[Add/Remove] Programs is a convenient way to
|
|||
|
|
check or modify your existing install.)</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="section" id="the-postinstallation-script">
|
|||
|
|
<span id="postinstallation-script"></span><h3>5.3.1. The Postinstallation script<a class="headerlink" href="#the-postinstallation-script" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Starting with Python 2.3, a postinstallation script can be specified with the
|
|||
|
|
<code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--install-script</span></code> option. The basename of the script must be
|
|||
|
|
specified, and the script filename must also be listed in the scripts argument
|
|||
|
|
to the setup function.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>This script will be run at installation time on the target system after all the
|
|||
|
|
files have been copied, with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">argv[1]</span></code> set to <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-install</span></code>, and again at
|
|||
|
|
uninstallation time before the files are removed with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">argv[1]</span></code> set to
|
|||
|
|
<code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-remove</span></code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The installation script runs embedded in the windows installer, every output
|
|||
|
|
(<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdout</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stderr</span></code>) is redirected into a buffer and will be
|
|||
|
|
displayed in the GUI after the script has finished.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Some functions especially useful in this context are available as additional
|
|||
|
|
built-in functions in the installation script.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="function">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="directory_created">
|
|||
|
|
<code class="descname">directory_created</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>path</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#directory_created" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="file_created">
|
|||
|
|
<code class="descname">file_created</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>path</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#file_created" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>These functions should be called when a directory or file is created by the
|
|||
|
|
postinstall script at installation time. It will register <em>path</em> with the
|
|||
|
|
uninstaller, so that it will be removed when the distribution is uninstalled.
|
|||
|
|
To be safe, directories are only removed if they are empty.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="function">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="get_special_folder_path">
|
|||
|
|
<code class="descname">get_special_folder_path</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>csidl_string</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#get_special_folder_path" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>This function can be used to retrieve special folder locations on Windows like
|
|||
|
|
the Start Menu or the Desktop. It returns the full path to the folder.
|
|||
|
|
<em>csidl_string</em> must be one of the following strings:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s2">"CSIDL_APPDATA"</span>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<span class="s2">"CSIDL_COMMON_STARTMENU"</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="s2">"CSIDL_STARTMENU"</span>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<span class="s2">"CSIDL_COMMON_DESKTOPDIRECTORY"</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="s2">"CSIDL_DESKTOPDIRECTORY"</span>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<span class="s2">"CSIDL_COMMON_STARTUP"</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="s2">"CSIDL_STARTUP"</span>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<span class="s2">"CSIDL_COMMON_PROGRAMS"</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="s2">"CSIDL_PROGRAMS"</span>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<span class="s2">"CSIDL_FONTS"</span>
|
|||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<p>If the folder cannot be retrieved, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> is raised.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Which folders are available depends on the exact Windows version, and probably
|
|||
|
|
also the configuration. For details refer to Microsoft’s documentation of the
|
|||
|
|
<code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SHGetSpecialFolderPath()</span></code> function.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="function">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="create_shortcut">
|
|||
|
|
<code class="descname">create_shortcut</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>target</em>, <em>description</em>, <em>filename</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>arguments</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>workdir</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>iconpath</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>iconindex</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#create_shortcut" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>This function creates a shortcut. <em>target</em> is the path to the program to be
|
|||
|
|
started by the shortcut. <em>description</em> is the description of the shortcut.
|
|||
|
|
<em>filename</em> is the title of the shortcut that the user will see. <em>arguments</em>
|
|||
|
|
specifies the command line arguments, if any. <em>workdir</em> is the working directory
|
|||
|
|
for the program. <em>iconpath</em> is the file containing the icon for the shortcut,
|
|||
|
|
and <em>iconindex</em> is the index of the icon in the file <em>iconpath</em>. Again, for
|
|||
|
|
details consult the Microsoft documentation for the <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IShellLink</span></code>
|
|||
|
|
interface.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="section" id="vista-user-access-control-uac">
|
|||
|
|
<h2>5.4. Vista User Access Control (UAC)<a class="headerlink" href="#vista-user-access-control-uac" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Starting with Python 2.6, bdist_wininst supports a <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--user-access-control</span></code>
|
|||
|
|
option. The default is ‘none’ (meaning no UAC handling is done), and other
|
|||
|
|
valid values are ‘auto’ (meaning prompt for UAC elevation if Python was
|
|||
|
|
installed for all users) and ‘force’ (meaning always prompt for elevation).</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
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</div>
|
|||
|
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</div>
|
|||
|
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<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
|
|||
|
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<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
|
|||
|
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<h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">5. Creating Built Distributions</a><ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#creating-rpm-packages">5.1. Creating RPM packages</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#creating-windows-installers">5.2. Creating Windows Installers</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#cross-compiling-on-windows">5.3. Cross-compiling on Windows</a><ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-postinstallation-script">5.3.1. The Postinstallation script</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#vista-user-access-control-uac">5.4. Vista User Access Control (UAC)</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
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|
|||
|
|
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
|
|||
|
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<p class="topless"><a href="sourcedist.html"
|
|||
|
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title="previous chapter">4. Creating a Source Distribution</a></p>
|
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|
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<h4>Next topic</h4>
|
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|
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<p class="topless"><a href="examples.html"
|
|||
|
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title="next chapter">6. Examples</a></p>
|
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<h3>This Page</h3>
|
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<ul class="this-page-menu">
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<li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li>
|
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<li>
|
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<a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.7/Doc/distutils/builtdist.rst"
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|
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|
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|
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<br />
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Last updated on Jul 13, 2019.
|
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<a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>?
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<br />
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Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 2.0.1.
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