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<div class="section" id="module-spwd">
<span id="spwd-the-shadow-password-database"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-spwd" title="spwd: The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code></a> — The shadow password database<a class="headerlink" href="#module-spwd" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>This module provides access to the Unix shadow password database. It is
available on various Unix versions.</p>
<p>You must have enough privileges to access the shadow password database (this
usually means you have to be root).</p>
<p>Shadow password database entries are reported as a tuple-like object, whose
attributes correspond to the members of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code> structure (Attribute field
below, see <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;shadow.h&gt;</span></code>):</p>
<table class="docutils align-center">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 13%" />
<col style="width: 27%" />
<col style="width: 60%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Index</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Attribute</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Meaning</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>0</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_namp</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Login name</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_pwdp</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Encrypted password</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_lstchg</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Date of last change</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>3</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_min</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Minimal number of days between
changes</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>4</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_max</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Maximum number of days between
changes</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>5</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_warn</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Number of days before password
expires to warn user about it</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>6</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_inact</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Number of days after password
expires until account is
disabled</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>7</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_expire</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Number of days since 1970-01-01
when account expires</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>8</p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sp_flag</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>Reserved</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The sp_namp and sp_pwdp items are strings, all others are integers.
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a> is raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.</p>
<p>The following functions are defined:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="spwd.getspnam">
<code class="descclassname">spwd.</code><code class="descname">getspnam</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#spwd.getspnam" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the shadow password database entry for the given user name.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.6: </span>Raises a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#PermissionError" title="PermissionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PermissionError</span></code></a> instead of <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a> if the user
doesn’t have privileges.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="spwd.getspall">
<code class="descclassname">spwd.</code><code class="descname">getspall</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#spwd.getspall" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a list of all available shadow password database entries, in arbitrary
order.</p>
</dd></dl>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="grp.html#module-grp" title="grp: The group database (getgrnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">grp</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>An interface to the group database, similar to this.</p>
</dd>
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="pwd.html#module-pwd" title="pwd: The password database (getpwnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pwd</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>An interface to the normal password database, similar to this.</p>
</dd>
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