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<span id="builtins-built-in-objects"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-builtins" title="builtins: The module that provides the built-in namespace."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">builtins</span></code></a> — Built-in objects<a class="headerlink" href="#module-builtins" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<hr class="docutils" />
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<p>This module provides direct access to all ‘built-in’ identifiers of Python; for
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example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">builtins.open</span></code> is the full name for the built-in function
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<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#open" title="open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a>. See <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#built-in-funcs"><span class="std std-ref">Built-in Functions</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#built-in-consts"><span class="std std-ref">Built-in Constants</span></a> for
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documentation.</p>
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<p>This module is not normally accessed explicitly by most applications, but can be
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useful in modules that provide objects with the same name as a built-in value,
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but in which the built-in of that name is also needed. For example, in a module
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that wants to implement an <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#open" title="open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> function that wraps the built-in
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<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#open" title="open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a>, this module can be used directly:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">builtins</span>
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<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">builtins</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'r'</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">UpperCaser</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">UpperCaser</span><span class="p">:</span>
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<span class="sd">'''Wrapper around a file that converts output to upper-case.'''</span>
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<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">f</span>
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<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">count</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">count</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">upper</span><span class="p">()</span>
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<span class="c1"># ...</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>As an implementation detail, most modules have the name <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__builtins__</span></code> made
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available as part of their globals. The value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__builtins__</span></code> is normally
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either this module or the value of this module’s <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#object.__dict__" title="object.__dict__"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__dict__</span></code></a> attribute.
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Since this is an implementation detail, it may not be used by alternate
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implementations of Python.</p>
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Last updated on Jul 13, 2019.
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