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<div class="section" id="module-grp">
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<span id="grp-the-group-database"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-grp" title="grp: The group database (getgrnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">grp</span></code></a> — The group database<a class="headerlink" href="#module-grp" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<hr class="docutils" />
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<p>This module provides access to the Unix group database. It is available on all
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Unix versions.</p>
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<p>Group database entries are reported as a tuple-like object, whose attributes
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correspond to the members of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">group</span></code> structure (Attribute field below, see
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><pwd.h></span></code>):</p>
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<colgroup>
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<col style="width: 14%" />
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<col style="width: 65%" />
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</colgroup>
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<thead>
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<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Index</p></th>
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<th class="head"><p>Attribute</p></th>
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<th class="head"><p>Meaning</p></th>
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<tbody>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p>0</p></td>
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<td><p>gr_name</p></td>
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<td><p>the name of the group</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>1</p></td>
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<td><p>gr_passwd</p></td>
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<td><p>the (encrypted) group password;
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often empty</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-even"><td><p>2</p></td>
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<td><p>gr_gid</p></td>
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<td><p>the numerical group ID</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>3</p></td>
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<td><p>gr_mem</p></td>
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<td><p>all the group member’s user
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names</p></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<p>The gid is an integer, name and password are strings, and the member list is a
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list of strings. (Note that most users are not explicitly listed as members of
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the group they are in according to the password database. Check both databases
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to get complete membership information. Also note that a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gr_name</span></code> that
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starts with a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">+</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-</span></code> is likely to be a YP/NIS reference and may not be
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accessible via <a class="reference internal" href="#grp.getgrnam" title="grp.getgrnam"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getgrnam()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#grp.getgrgid" title="grp.getgrgid"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getgrgid()</span></code></a>.)</p>
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<p>It defines the following items:</p>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="grp.getgrgid">
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<code class="descclassname">grp.</code><code class="descname">getgrgid</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>gid</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#grp.getgrgid" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return the group database entry for the given numeric group ID. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a>
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is raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.</p>
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<div class="deprecated">
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<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.6: </span>Since Python 3.6 the support of non-integer arguments like floats or
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strings in <a class="reference internal" href="#grp.getgrgid" title="grp.getgrgid"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getgrgid()</span></code></a> is deprecated.</p>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="grp.getgrnam">
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<code class="descclassname">grp.</code><code class="descname">getgrnam</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#grp.getgrnam" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return the group database entry for the given group name. <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a> is
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raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="grp.getgrall">
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<code class="descclassname">grp.</code><code class="descname">getgrall</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#grp.getgrall" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return a list of all available group entries, in arbitrary order.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<div class="admonition seealso">
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<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
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<dl class="simple">
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<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="pwd.html#module-pwd" title="pwd: The password database (getpwnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pwd</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>An interface to the user database, similar to this.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="spwd.html#module-spwd" title="spwd: The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>An interface to the shadow password database, similar to this.</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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title="previous chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code> — The shadow password database</a></p>
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