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<div class="section" id="built-in-exceptions">
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<span id="bltin-exceptions"></span><h1>Built-in Exceptions<a class="headerlink" href="#built-in-exceptions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p id="index-0">In Python, all exceptions must be instances of a class that derives from
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<a class="reference internal" href="#BaseException" title="BaseException"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></code></a>. In a <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#try"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">try</span></code></a> statement with an <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#except"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">except</span></code></a>
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clause that mentions a particular class, that clause also handles any exception
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classes derived from that class (but not exception classes from which <em>it</em> is
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derived). Two exception classes that are not related via subclassing are never
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equivalent, even if they have the same name.</p>
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<p id="index-1">The built-in exceptions listed below can be generated by the interpreter or
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built-in functions. Except where mentioned, they have an “associated value”
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indicating the detailed cause of the error. This may be a string or a tuple of
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several items of information (e.g., an error code and a string explaining the
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code). The associated value is usually passed as arguments to the exception
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class’s constructor.</p>
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<p>User code can raise built-in exceptions. This can be used to test an exception
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handler or to report an error condition “just like” the situation in which the
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interpreter raises the same exception; but beware that there is nothing to
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prevent user code from raising an inappropriate error.</p>
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<p>The built-in exception classes can be subclassed to define new exceptions;
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programmers are encouraged to derive new exceptions from the <a class="reference internal" href="#Exception" title="Exception"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Exception</span></code></a>
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class or one of its subclasses, and not from <a class="reference internal" href="#BaseException" title="BaseException"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></code></a>. More
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information on defining exceptions is available in the Python Tutorial under
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<a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/errors.html#tut-userexceptions"><span class="std std-ref">User-defined Exceptions</span></a>.</p>
|
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<p>When raising (or re-raising) an exception in an <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#except"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">except</span></code></a> or
|
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<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#finally"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finally</span></code></a> clause
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<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__context__</span></code> is automatically set to the last exception caught; if the
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new exception is not handled the traceback that is eventually displayed will
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include the originating exception(s) and the final exception.</p>
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<p>When raising a new exception (rather than using a bare <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">raise</span></code> to re-raise
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the exception currently being handled), the implicit exception context can be
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supplemented with an explicit cause by using <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/simple_stmts.html#from"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">from</span></code></a> with
|
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<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/simple_stmts.html#raise"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">raise</span></code></a>:</p>
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<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">raise</span> <span class="n">new_exc</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">original_exc</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>The expression following <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/simple_stmts.html#from"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">from</span></code></a> must be an exception or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>. It
|
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will be set as <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__cause__</span></code> on the raised exception. Setting
|
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<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__cause__</span></code> also implicitly sets the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__suppress_context__</span></code>
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attribute to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>, so that using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">raise</span> <span class="pre">new_exc</span> <span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">None</span></code>
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effectively replaces the old exception with the new one for display
|
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purposes (e.g. converting <a class="reference internal" href="#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a> to <a class="reference internal" href="#AttributeError" title="AttributeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AttributeError</span></code></a>), while
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leaving the old exception available in <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__context__</span></code> for introspection
|
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when debugging.</p>
|
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<p>The default traceback display code shows these chained exceptions in
|
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addition to the traceback for the exception itself. An explicitly chained
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exception in <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__cause__</span></code> is always shown when present. An implicitly
|
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chained exception in <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__context__</span></code> is shown only if <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__cause__</span></code>
|
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is <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a> and <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__suppress_context__</span></code> is false.</p>
|
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<p>In either case, the exception itself is always shown after any chained
|
|||
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exceptions so that the final line of the traceback always shows the last
|
|||
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exception that was raised.</p>
|
|||
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<div class="section" id="base-classes">
|
|||
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<h2>Base classes<a class="headerlink" href="#base-classes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|||
|
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<p>The following exceptions are used mostly as base classes for other exceptions.</p>
|
|||
|
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<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
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<dt id="BaseException">
|
|||
|
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<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">BaseException</code><a class="headerlink" href="#BaseException" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
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<dd><p>The base class for all built-in exceptions. It is not meant to be directly
|
|||
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inherited by user-defined classes (for that, use <a class="reference internal" href="#Exception" title="Exception"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Exception</span></code></a>). If
|
|||
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<a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str()</span></code></a> is called on an instance of this class, the representation of
|
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the argument(s) to the instance are returned, or the empty string when
|
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there were no arguments.</p>
|
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<dl class="attribute">
|
|||
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<dt id="BaseException.args">
|
|||
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<code class="descname">args</code><a class="headerlink" href="#BaseException.args" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
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<dd><p>The tuple of arguments given to the exception constructor. Some built-in
|
|||
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exceptions (like <a class="reference internal" href="#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>) expect a certain number of arguments and
|
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assign a special meaning to the elements of this tuple, while others are
|
|||
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usually called only with a single string giving an error message.</p>
|
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</dd></dl>
|
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<dl class="method">
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<dt id="BaseException.with_traceback">
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<code class="descname">with_traceback</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>tb</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#BaseException.with_traceback" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
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<dd><p>This method sets <em>tb</em> as the new traceback for the exception and returns
|
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the exception object. It is usually used in exception handling code like
|
|||
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this:</p>
|
|||
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<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|||
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<span class="o">...</span>
|
|||
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<span class="k">except</span> <span class="n">SomeException</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
|||
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<span class="n">tb</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exc_info</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
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<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="n">OtherException</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">with_traceback</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tb</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
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</pre></div>
|
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</div>
|
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</dd></dl>
|
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</dd></dl>
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|
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<dl class="exception">
|
|||
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<dt id="Exception">
|
|||
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<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">Exception</code><a class="headerlink" href="#Exception" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
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<dd><p>All built-in, non-system-exiting exceptions are derived from this class. All
|
|||
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user-defined exceptions should also be derived from this class.</p>
|
|||
|
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</dd></dl>
|
|||
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|
|||
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<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
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<dt id="ArithmeticError">
|
|||
|
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<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">ArithmeticError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ArithmeticError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
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<dd><p>The base class for those built-in exceptions that are raised for various
|
|||
|
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arithmetic errors: <a class="reference internal" href="#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#ZeroDivisionError" title="ZeroDivisionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ZeroDivisionError</span></code></a>,
|
|||
|
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<a class="reference internal" href="#FloatingPointError" title="FloatingPointError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FloatingPointError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
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</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
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<dt id="BufferError">
|
|||
|
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<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">BufferError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#BufferError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
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<dd><p>Raised when a <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/buffer.html#bufferobjects"><span class="std std-ref">buffer</span></a> related operation cannot be
|
|||
|
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performed.</p>
|
|||
|
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</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
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<dt id="LookupError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">LookupError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#LookupError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>The base class for the exceptions that are raised when a key or index used on
|
|||
|
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a mapping or sequence is invalid: <a class="reference internal" href="#IndexError" title="IndexError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IndexError</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a>. This
|
|||
|
|
can be raised directly by <a class="reference internal" href="codecs.html#codecs.lookup" title="codecs.lookup"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">codecs.lookup()</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
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</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="section" id="concrete-exceptions">
|
|||
|
|
<h2>Concrete exceptions<a class="headerlink" href="#concrete-exceptions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The following exceptions are the exceptions that are usually raised.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="AssertionError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">AssertionError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#AssertionError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p id="index-2">Raised when an <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/simple_stmts.html#assert"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">assert</span></code></a> statement fails.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="AttributeError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">AttributeError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#AttributeError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when an attribute reference (see <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/expressions.html#attribute-references"><span class="std std-ref">Attribute references</span></a>) or
|
|||
|
|
assignment fails. (When an object does not support attribute references or
|
|||
|
|
attribute assignments at all, <a class="reference internal" href="#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> is raised.)</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="EOFError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">EOFError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#EOFError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#input" title="input"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">input()</span></code></a> function hits an end-of-file condition (EOF)
|
|||
|
|
without reading any data. (N.B.: the <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io.IOBase.read()</span></code> and
|
|||
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.IOBase.readline" title="io.IOBase.readline"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io.IOBase.readline()</span></code></a> methods return an empty string when they hit EOF.)</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="FloatingPointError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">FloatingPointError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#FloatingPointError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Not currently used.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="GeneratorExit">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">GeneratorExit</code><a class="headerlink" href="#GeneratorExit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-generator"><span class="xref std std-term">generator</span></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-coroutine"><span class="xref std std-term">coroutine</span></a> is closed;
|
|||
|
|
see <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/expressions.html#generator.close" title="generator.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">generator.close()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#coroutine.close" title="coroutine.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">coroutine.close()</span></code></a>. It
|
|||
|
|
directly inherits from <a class="reference internal" href="#BaseException" title="BaseException"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></code></a> instead of <a class="reference internal" href="#Exception" title="Exception"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Exception</span></code></a> since
|
|||
|
|
it is technically not an error.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="ImportError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">ImportError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ImportError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/simple_stmts.html#import"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span></code></a> statement has troubles trying to
|
|||
|
|
load a module. Also raised when the “from list” in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">...</span> <span class="pre">import</span></code>
|
|||
|
|
has a name that cannot be found.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">name</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">path</span></code> attributes can be set using keyword-only
|
|||
|
|
arguments to the constructor. When set they represent the name of the module
|
|||
|
|
that was attempted to be imported and the path to any file which triggered
|
|||
|
|
the exception, respectively.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="versionchanged">
|
|||
|
|
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span>Added the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">name</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">path</span></code> attributes.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="ModuleNotFoundError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">ModuleNotFoundError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ModuleNotFoundError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>A subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#ImportError" title="ImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></code></a> which is raised by <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/simple_stmts.html#import"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span></code></a>
|
|||
|
|
when a module could not be located. It is also raised when <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>
|
|||
|
|
is found in <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.modules" title="sys.modules"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.modules</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="versionadded">
|
|||
|
|
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.6.</span></p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="IndexError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">IndexError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#IndexError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when a sequence subscript is out of range. (Slice indices are
|
|||
|
|
silently truncated to fall in the allowed range; if an index is not an
|
|||
|
|
integer, <a class="reference internal" href="#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> is raised.)</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="KeyError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">KeyError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#KeyError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when a mapping (dictionary) key is not found in the set of existing keys.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="KeyboardInterrupt">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">KeyboardInterrupt</code><a class="headerlink" href="#KeyboardInterrupt" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when the user hits the interrupt key (normally <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Control-C</kbd> or
|
|||
|
|
<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Delete</kbd>). During execution, a check for interrupts is made
|
|||
|
|
regularly. The exception inherits from <a class="reference internal" href="#BaseException" title="BaseException"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></code></a> so as to not be
|
|||
|
|
accidentally caught by code that catches <a class="reference internal" href="#Exception" title="Exception"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Exception</span></code></a> and thus prevent
|
|||
|
|
the interpreter from exiting.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="MemoryError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">MemoryError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#MemoryError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when an operation runs out of memory but the situation may still be
|
|||
|
|
rescued (by deleting some objects). The associated value is a string indicating
|
|||
|
|
what kind of (internal) operation ran out of memory. Note that because of the
|
|||
|
|
underlying memory management architecture (C’s <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">malloc()</span></code> function), the
|
|||
|
|
interpreter may not always be able to completely recover from this situation; it
|
|||
|
|
nevertheless raises an exception so that a stack traceback can be printed, in
|
|||
|
|
case a run-away program was the cause.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="NameError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">NameError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#NameError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when a local or global name is not found. This applies only to
|
|||
|
|
unqualified names. The associated value is an error message that includes the
|
|||
|
|
name that could not be found.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="NotImplementedError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">NotImplementedError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#NotImplementedError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>This exception is derived from <a class="reference internal" href="#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a>. In user defined base
|
|||
|
|
classes, abstract methods should raise this exception when they require
|
|||
|
|
derived classes to override the method, or while the class is being
|
|||
|
|
developed to indicate that the real implementation still needs to be added.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="admonition note">
|
|||
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>It should not be used to indicate that an operator or method is not
|
|||
|
|
meant to be supported at all – in that case either leave the operator /
|
|||
|
|
method undefined or, if a subclass, set it to <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="admonition note">
|
|||
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NotImplementedError</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NotImplemented</span></code> are not interchangeable,
|
|||
|
|
even though they have similar names and purposes. See
|
|||
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#NotImplemented" title="NotImplemented"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NotImplemented</span></code></a> for details on when to use it.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="OSError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">OSError</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>arg</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#OSError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dt>
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">OSError</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>errno</em>, <em>strerror</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>filename</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>winerror</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>filename2</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p id="index-3">This exception is raised when a system function returns a system-related
|
|||
|
|
error, including I/O failures such as “file not found” or “disk full”
|
|||
|
|
(not for illegal argument types or other incidental errors).</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The second form of the constructor sets the corresponding attributes,
|
|||
|
|
described below. The attributes default to <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a> if not
|
|||
|
|
specified. For backwards compatibility, if three arguments are passed,
|
|||
|
|
the <a class="reference internal" href="#BaseException.args" title="BaseException.args"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">args</span></code></a> attribute contains only a 2-tuple
|
|||
|
|
of the first two constructor arguments.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The constructor often actually returns a subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>, as
|
|||
|
|
described in <a class="reference internal" href="#os-exceptions">OS exceptions</a> below. The particular subclass depends on
|
|||
|
|
the final <a class="reference internal" href="#OSError.errno" title="OSError.errno"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code></a> value. This behaviour only occurs when
|
|||
|
|
constructing <a class="reference internal" href="#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> directly or via an alias, and is not
|
|||
|
|
inherited when subclassing.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="attribute">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="OSError.errno">
|
|||
|
|
<code class="descname">errno</code><a class="headerlink" href="#OSError.errno" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>A numeric error code from the C variable <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="attribute">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="OSError.winerror">
|
|||
|
|
<code class="descname">winerror</code><a class="headerlink" href="#OSError.winerror" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Under Windows, this gives you the native
|
|||
|
|
Windows error code. The <a class="reference internal" href="#OSError.errno" title="OSError.errno"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code></a> attribute is then an approximate
|
|||
|
|
translation, in POSIX terms, of that native error code.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Under Windows, if the <em>winerror</em> constructor argument is an integer,
|
|||
|
|
the <a class="reference internal" href="#OSError.errno" title="OSError.errno"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code></a> attribute is determined from the Windows error code,
|
|||
|
|
and the <em>errno</em> argument is ignored. On other platforms, the
|
|||
|
|
<em>winerror</em> argument is ignored, and the <a class="reference internal" href="#OSError.winerror" title="OSError.winerror"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">winerror</span></code></a> attribute
|
|||
|
|
does not exist.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="attribute">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="OSError.strerror">
|
|||
|
|
<code class="descname">strerror</code><a class="headerlink" href="#OSError.strerror" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>The corresponding error message, as provided by
|
|||
|
|
the operating system. It is formatted by the C
|
|||
|
|
functions <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">perror()</span></code> under POSIX, and <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FormatMessage()</span></code>
|
|||
|
|
under Windows.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="attribute">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="OSError.filename">
|
|||
|
|
<code class="descname">filename</code><a class="headerlink" href="#OSError.filename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="OSError.filename2">
|
|||
|
|
<code class="descname">filename2</code><a class="headerlink" href="#OSError.filename2" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>For exceptions that involve a file system path (such as <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#open" title="open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> or
|
|||
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.unlink" title="os.unlink"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.unlink()</span></code></a>), <a class="reference internal" href="#OSError.filename" title="OSError.filename"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filename</span></code></a> is the file name passed to the function.
|
|||
|
|
For functions that involve two file system paths (such as
|
|||
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.rename" title="os.rename"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.rename()</span></code></a>), <a class="reference internal" href="#OSError.filename2" title="OSError.filename2"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filename2</span></code></a> corresponds to the second
|
|||
|
|
file name passed to the function.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div class="versionchanged">
|
|||
|
|
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span><a class="reference internal" href="#EnvironmentError" title="EnvironmentError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EnvironmentError</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#IOError" title="IOError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IOError</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#WindowsError" title="WindowsError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">WindowsError</span></code></a>,
|
|||
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.error" title="socket.error"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket.error</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="select.html#select.error" title="select.error"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">select.error</span></code></a> and
|
|||
|
|
<code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mmap.error</span></code> have been merged into <a class="reference internal" href="#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>, and the
|
|||
|
|
constructor may return a subclass.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="versionchanged">
|
|||
|
|
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.4: </span>The <a class="reference internal" href="#OSError.filename" title="OSError.filename"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filename</span></code></a> attribute is now the original file name passed to
|
|||
|
|
the function, instead of the name encoded to or decoded from the
|
|||
|
|
filesystem encoding. Also, the <em>filename2</em> constructor argument and
|
|||
|
|
attribute was added.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="OverflowError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">OverflowError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#OverflowError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when the result of an arithmetic operation is too large to be
|
|||
|
|
represented. This cannot occur for integers (which would rather raise
|
|||
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="#MemoryError" title="MemoryError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MemoryError</span></code></a> than give up). However, for historical reasons,
|
|||
|
|
OverflowError is sometimes raised for integers that are outside a required
|
|||
|
|
range. Because of the lack of standardization of floating point exception
|
|||
|
|
handling in C, most floating point operations are not checked.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="RecursionError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">RecursionError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#RecursionError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>This exception is derived from <a class="reference internal" href="#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a>. It is raised when the
|
|||
|
|
interpreter detects that the maximum recursion depth (see
|
|||
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.getrecursionlimit" title="sys.getrecursionlimit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.getrecursionlimit()</span></code></a>) is exceeded.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="versionadded">
|
|||
|
|
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.5: </span>Previously, a plain <a class="reference internal" href="#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a> was raised.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="ReferenceError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">ReferenceError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ReferenceError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>This exception is raised when a weak reference proxy, created by the
|
|||
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="weakref.html#weakref.proxy" title="weakref.proxy"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">weakref.proxy()</span></code></a> function, is used to access an attribute of the referent
|
|||
|
|
after it has been garbage collected. For more information on weak references,
|
|||
|
|
see the <a class="reference internal" href="weakref.html#module-weakref" title="weakref: Support for weak references and weak dictionaries."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">weakref</span></code></a> module.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="RuntimeError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">RuntimeError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#RuntimeError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when an error is detected that doesn’t fall in any of the other
|
|||
|
|
categories. The associated value is a string indicating what precisely went
|
|||
|
|
wrong.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="StopIteration">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">StopIteration</code><a class="headerlink" href="#StopIteration" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised by built-in function <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#next" title="next"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">next()</span></code></a> and an <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-iterator"><span class="xref std std-term">iterator</span></a>’s
|
|||
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#iterator.__next__" title="iterator.__next__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__next__()</span></code></a> method to signal that there are no further
|
|||
|
|
items produced by the iterator.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The exception object has a single attribute <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value</span></code>, which is
|
|||
|
|
given as an argument when constructing the exception, and defaults
|
|||
|
|
to <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>When a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-generator"><span class="xref std std-term">generator</span></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-coroutine"><span class="xref std std-term">coroutine</span></a> function
|
|||
|
|
returns, a new <a class="reference internal" href="#StopIteration" title="StopIteration"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StopIteration</span></code></a> instance is
|
|||
|
|
raised, and the value returned by the function is used as the
|
|||
|
|
<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value</span></code> parameter to the constructor of the exception.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>If a generator code directly or indirectly raises <a class="reference internal" href="#StopIteration" title="StopIteration"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StopIteration</span></code></a>,
|
|||
|
|
it is converted into a <a class="reference internal" href="#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a> (retaining the
|
|||
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="#StopIteration" title="StopIteration"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StopIteration</span></code></a> as the new exception’s cause).</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="versionchanged">
|
|||
|
|
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span>Added <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value</span></code> attribute and the ability for generator functions to
|
|||
|
|
use it to return a value.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="versionchanged">
|
|||
|
|
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Introduced the RuntimeError transformation via
|
|||
|
|
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">__future__</span> <span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">generator_stop</span></code>, see <span class="target" id="index-4"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0479"><strong>PEP 479</strong></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="versionchanged">
|
|||
|
|
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>Enable <span class="target" id="index-5"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0479"><strong>PEP 479</strong></a> for all code by default: a <a class="reference internal" href="#StopIteration" title="StopIteration"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StopIteration</span></code></a>
|
|||
|
|
error raised in a generator is transformed into a <a class="reference internal" href="#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="StopAsyncIteration">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">StopAsyncIteration</code><a class="headerlink" href="#StopAsyncIteration" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Must be raised by <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__anext__" title="object.__anext__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__anext__()</span></code></a> method of an
|
|||
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-asynchronous-iterator"><span class="xref std std-term">asynchronous iterator</span></a> object to stop the iteration.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="versionadded">
|
|||
|
|
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.5.</span></p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="SyntaxError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">SyntaxError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#SyntaxError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when the parser encounters a syntax error. This may occur in an
|
|||
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/simple_stmts.html#import"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">import</span></code></a> statement, in a call to the built-in functions <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#exec" title="exec"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exec()</span></code></a>
|
|||
|
|
or <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#eval" title="eval"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">eval()</span></code></a>, or when reading the initial script or standard input
|
|||
|
|
(also interactively).</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Instances of this class have attributes <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filename</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lineno</span></code>,
|
|||
|
|
<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">offset</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">text</span></code> for easier access to the details. <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str()</span></code></a>
|
|||
|
|
of the exception instance returns only the message.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="IndentationError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">IndentationError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#IndentationError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Base class for syntax errors related to incorrect indentation. This is a
|
|||
|
|
subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#SyntaxError" title="SyntaxError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SyntaxError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="TabError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">TabError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#TabError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when indentation contains an inconsistent use of tabs and spaces.
|
|||
|
|
This is a subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#IndentationError" title="IndentationError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IndentationError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="SystemError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">SystemError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#SystemError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when the interpreter finds an internal error, but the situation does not
|
|||
|
|
look so serious to cause it to abandon all hope. The associated value is a
|
|||
|
|
string indicating what went wrong (in low-level terms).</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>You should report this to the author or maintainer of your Python interpreter.
|
|||
|
|
Be sure to report the version of the Python interpreter (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.version</span></code>; it is
|
|||
|
|
also printed at the start of an interactive Python session), the exact error
|
|||
|
|
message (the exception’s associated value) and if possible the source of the
|
|||
|
|
program that triggered the error.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="SystemExit">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">SystemExit</code><a class="headerlink" href="#SystemExit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>This exception is raised by the <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.exit" title="sys.exit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.exit()</span></code></a> function. It inherits from
|
|||
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="#BaseException" title="BaseException"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BaseException</span></code></a> instead of <a class="reference internal" href="#Exception" title="Exception"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Exception</span></code></a> so that it is not accidentally
|
|||
|
|
caught by code that catches <a class="reference internal" href="#Exception" title="Exception"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Exception</span></code></a>. This allows the exception to
|
|||
|
|
properly propagate up and cause the interpreter to exit. When it is not
|
|||
|
|
handled, the Python interpreter exits; no stack traceback is printed. The
|
|||
|
|
constructor accepts the same optional argument passed to <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.exit" title="sys.exit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.exit()</span></code></a>.
|
|||
|
|
If the value is an integer, it specifies the system exit status (passed to
|
|||
|
|
C’s <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exit()</span></code> function); if it is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, the exit status is zero; if
|
|||
|
|
it has another type (such as a string), the object’s value is printed and
|
|||
|
|
the exit status is one.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>A call to <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.exit" title="sys.exit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.exit()</span></code></a> is translated into an exception so that clean-up
|
|||
|
|
handlers (<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#finally"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">finally</span></code></a> clauses of <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#try"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">try</span></code></a> statements) can be
|
|||
|
|
executed, and so that a debugger can execute a script without running the risk
|
|||
|
|
of losing control. The <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os._exit" title="os._exit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os._exit()</span></code></a> function can be used if it is
|
|||
|
|
absolutely positively necessary to exit immediately (for example, in the child
|
|||
|
|
process after a call to <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.fork" title="os.fork"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.fork()</span></code></a>).</p>
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="attribute">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="SystemExit.code">
|
|||
|
|
<code class="descname">code</code><a class="headerlink" href="#SystemExit.code" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>The exit status or error message that is passed to the constructor.
|
|||
|
|
(Defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.)</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="TypeError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">TypeError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#TypeError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when an operation or function is applied to an object of inappropriate
|
|||
|
|
type. The associated value is a string giving details about the type mismatch.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>This exception may be raised by user code to indicate that an attempted
|
|||
|
|
operation on an object is not supported, and is not meant to be. If an object
|
|||
|
|
is meant to support a given operation but has not yet provided an
|
|||
|
|
implementation, <a class="reference internal" href="#NotImplementedError" title="NotImplementedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NotImplementedError</span></code></a> is the proper exception to raise.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Passing arguments of the wrong type (e.g. passing a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#list" title="list"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code></a> when an
|
|||
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a> is expected) should result in a <a class="reference internal" href="#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a>, but passing
|
|||
|
|
arguments with the wrong value (e.g. a number outside expected boundaries)
|
|||
|
|
should result in a <a class="reference internal" href="#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="UnboundLocalError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">UnboundLocalError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#UnboundLocalError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when a reference is made to a local variable in a function or method, but
|
|||
|
|
no value has been bound to that variable. This is a subclass of
|
|||
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="#NameError" title="NameError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NameError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="UnicodeError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">UnicodeError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#UnicodeError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when a Unicode-related encoding or decoding error occurs. It is a
|
|||
|
|
subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#UnicodeError" title="UnicodeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnicodeError</span></code></a> has attributes that describe the encoding or decoding
|
|||
|
|
error. For example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">err.object[err.start:err.end]</span></code> gives the particular
|
|||
|
|
invalid input that the codec failed on.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="attribute">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="UnicodeError.encoding">
|
|||
|
|
<code class="descname">encoding</code><a class="headerlink" href="#UnicodeError.encoding" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>The name of the encoding that raised the error.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="attribute">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="UnicodeError.reason">
|
|||
|
|
<code class="descname">reason</code><a class="headerlink" href="#UnicodeError.reason" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>A string describing the specific codec error.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="attribute">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="UnicodeError.object">
|
|||
|
|
<code class="descname">object</code><a class="headerlink" href="#UnicodeError.object" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>The object the codec was attempting to encode or decode.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="attribute">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="UnicodeError.start">
|
|||
|
|
<code class="descname">start</code><a class="headerlink" href="#UnicodeError.start" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>The first index of invalid data in <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#object" title="object"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">object</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="attribute">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="UnicodeError.end">
|
|||
|
|
<code class="descname">end</code><a class="headerlink" href="#UnicodeError.end" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>The index after the last invalid data in <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#object" title="object"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">object</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="UnicodeEncodeError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">UnicodeEncodeError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#UnicodeEncodeError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during encoding. It is a subclass of
|
|||
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="#UnicodeError" title="UnicodeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnicodeError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="UnicodeDecodeError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">UnicodeDecodeError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#UnicodeDecodeError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during decoding. It is a subclass of
|
|||
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="#UnicodeError" title="UnicodeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnicodeError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="UnicodeTranslateError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">UnicodeTranslateError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#UnicodeTranslateError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when a Unicode-related error occurs during translating. It is a subclass
|
|||
|
|
of <a class="reference internal" href="#UnicodeError" title="UnicodeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnicodeError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="ValueError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">ValueError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ValueError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when an operation or function receives an argument that has the
|
|||
|
|
right type but an inappropriate value, and the situation is not described by a
|
|||
|
|
more precise exception such as <a class="reference internal" href="#IndexError" title="IndexError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IndexError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="ZeroDivisionError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">ZeroDivisionError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ZeroDivisionError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when the second argument of a division or modulo operation is zero. The
|
|||
|
|
associated value is a string indicating the type of the operands and the
|
|||
|
|
operation.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>The following exceptions are kept for compatibility with previous versions;
|
|||
|
|
starting from Python 3.3, they are aliases of <a class="reference internal" href="#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="EnvironmentError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">EnvironmentError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#EnvironmentError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd></dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="IOError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">IOError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#IOError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd></dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="WindowsError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">WindowsError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#WindowsError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Only available on Windows.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div class="section" id="os-exceptions">
|
|||
|
|
<h3>OS exceptions<a class="headerlink" href="#os-exceptions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The following exceptions are subclasses of <a class="reference internal" href="#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>, they get raised
|
|||
|
|
depending on the system error code.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="BlockingIOError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">BlockingIOError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#BlockingIOError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when an operation would block on an object (e.g. socket) set
|
|||
|
|
for non-blocking operation.
|
|||
|
|
Corresponds to <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EAGAIN</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EALREADY</span></code>,
|
|||
|
|
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EWOULDBLOCK</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EINPROGRESS</span></code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>In addition to those of <a class="reference internal" href="#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#BlockingIOError" title="BlockingIOError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BlockingIOError</span></code></a> can have
|
|||
|
|
one more attribute:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="attribute">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="BlockingIOError.characters_written">
|
|||
|
|
<code class="descname">characters_written</code><a class="headerlink" href="#BlockingIOError.characters_written" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>An integer containing the number of characters written to the stream
|
|||
|
|
before it blocked. This attribute is available when using the
|
|||
|
|
buffered I/O classes from the <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#module-io" title="io: Core tools for working with streams."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io</span></code></a> module.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="ChildProcessError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">ChildProcessError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ChildProcessError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when an operation on a child process failed.
|
|||
|
|
Corresponds to <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ECHILD</span></code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="ConnectionError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">ConnectionError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ConnectionError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>A base class for connection-related issues.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>Subclasses are <a class="reference internal" href="#BrokenPipeError" title="BrokenPipeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BrokenPipeError</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#ConnectionAbortedError" title="ConnectionAbortedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ConnectionAbortedError</span></code></a>,
|
|||
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="#ConnectionRefusedError" title="ConnectionRefusedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ConnectionRefusedError</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#ConnectionResetError" title="ConnectionResetError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ConnectionResetError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="BrokenPipeError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">BrokenPipeError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#BrokenPipeError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>A subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#ConnectionError" title="ConnectionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ConnectionError</span></code></a>, raised when trying to write on a
|
|||
|
|
pipe while the other end has been closed, or trying to write on a socket
|
|||
|
|
which has been shutdown for writing.
|
|||
|
|
Corresponds to <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EPIPE</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ESHUTDOWN</span></code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="ConnectionAbortedError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">ConnectionAbortedError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ConnectionAbortedError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>A subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#ConnectionError" title="ConnectionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ConnectionError</span></code></a>, raised when a connection attempt
|
|||
|
|
is aborted by the peer.
|
|||
|
|
Corresponds to <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ECONNABORTED</span></code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="ConnectionRefusedError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">ConnectionRefusedError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ConnectionRefusedError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>A subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#ConnectionError" title="ConnectionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ConnectionError</span></code></a>, raised when a connection attempt
|
|||
|
|
is refused by the peer.
|
|||
|
|
Corresponds to <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ECONNREFUSED</span></code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="ConnectionResetError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">ConnectionResetError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ConnectionResetError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>A subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#ConnectionError" title="ConnectionError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ConnectionError</span></code></a>, raised when a connection is
|
|||
|
|
reset by the peer.
|
|||
|
|
Corresponds to <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ECONNRESET</span></code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="FileExistsError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">FileExistsError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#FileExistsError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when trying to create a file or directory which already exists.
|
|||
|
|
Corresponds to <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EEXIST</span></code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="FileNotFoundError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">FileNotFoundError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#FileNotFoundError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when a file or directory is requested but doesn’t exist.
|
|||
|
|
Corresponds to <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ENOENT</span></code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="InterruptedError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">InterruptedError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#InterruptedError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when a system call is interrupted by an incoming signal.
|
|||
|
|
Corresponds to <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="errno.html#errno.EINTR" title="errno.EINTR"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EINTR</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="versionchanged">
|
|||
|
|
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Python now retries system calls when a syscall is interrupted by a
|
|||
|
|
signal, except if the signal handler raises an exception (see <span class="target" id="index-6"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0475"><strong>PEP 475</strong></a>
|
|||
|
|
for the rationale), instead of raising <a class="reference internal" href="#InterruptedError" title="InterruptedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InterruptedError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="IsADirectoryError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">IsADirectoryError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#IsADirectoryError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when a file operation (such as <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.remove" title="os.remove"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.remove()</span></code></a>) is requested
|
|||
|
|
on a directory.
|
|||
|
|
Corresponds to <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EISDIR</span></code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="NotADirectoryError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">NotADirectoryError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#NotADirectoryError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when a directory operation (such as <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.listdir" title="os.listdir"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.listdir()</span></code></a>) is requested
|
|||
|
|
on something which is not a directory.
|
|||
|
|
Corresponds to <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ENOTDIR</span></code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="PermissionError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">PermissionError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#PermissionError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when trying to run an operation without the adequate access
|
|||
|
|
rights - for example filesystem permissions.
|
|||
|
|
Corresponds to <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EACCES</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EPERM</span></code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="ProcessLookupError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">ProcessLookupError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ProcessLookupError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when a given process doesn’t exist.
|
|||
|
|
Corresponds to <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ESRCH</span></code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="TimeoutError">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">TimeoutError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#TimeoutError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Raised when a system function timed out at the system level.
|
|||
|
|
Corresponds to <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ETIMEDOUT</span></code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div class="versionadded">
|
|||
|
|
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.3: </span>All the above <a class="reference internal" href="#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> subclasses were added.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="admonition seealso">
|
|||
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p><span class="target" id="index-7"></span><a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3151"><strong>PEP 3151</strong></a> - Reworking the OS and IO exception hierarchy</p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="section" id="warnings">
|
|||
|
|
<span id="warning-categories-as-exceptions"></span><h2>Warnings<a class="headerlink" href="#warnings" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The following exceptions are used as warning categories; see the
|
|||
|
|
<a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#warning-categories"><span class="std std-ref">Warning Categories</span></a> documentation for more details.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="Warning">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">Warning</code><a class="headerlink" href="#Warning" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Base class for warning categories.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="UserWarning">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">UserWarning</code><a class="headerlink" href="#UserWarning" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Base class for warnings generated by user code.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="DeprecationWarning">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">DeprecationWarning</code><a class="headerlink" href="#DeprecationWarning" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Base class for warnings about deprecated features when those warnings are
|
|||
|
|
intended for other Python developers.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="PendingDeprecationWarning">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">PendingDeprecationWarning</code><a class="headerlink" href="#PendingDeprecationWarning" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Base class for warnings about features which are obsolete and
|
|||
|
|
expected to be deprecated in the future, but are not deprecated
|
|||
|
|
at the moment.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<p>This class is rarely used as emitting a warning about a possible
|
|||
|
|
upcoming deprecation is unusual, and <a class="reference internal" href="#DeprecationWarning" title="DeprecationWarning"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DeprecationWarning</span></code></a>
|
|||
|
|
is preferred for already active deprecations.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="SyntaxWarning">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">SyntaxWarning</code><a class="headerlink" href="#SyntaxWarning" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Base class for warnings about dubious syntax.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="RuntimeWarning">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">RuntimeWarning</code><a class="headerlink" href="#RuntimeWarning" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Base class for warnings about dubious runtime behavior.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="FutureWarning">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">FutureWarning</code><a class="headerlink" href="#FutureWarning" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Base class for warnings about deprecated features when those warnings are
|
|||
|
|
intended for end users of applications that are written in Python.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="ImportWarning">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">ImportWarning</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ImportWarning" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Base class for warnings about probable mistakes in module imports.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="UnicodeWarning">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">UnicodeWarning</code><a class="headerlink" href="#UnicodeWarning" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Base class for warnings related to Unicode.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="BytesWarning">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">BytesWarning</code><a class="headerlink" href="#BytesWarning" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Base class for warnings related to <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytearray" title="bytearray"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<dl class="exception">
|
|||
|
|
<dt id="ResourceWarning">
|
|||
|
|
<em class="property">exception </em><code class="descname">ResourceWarning</code><a class="headerlink" href="#ResourceWarning" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
|||
|
|
<dd><p>Base class for warnings related to resource usage. Ignored by the default
|
|||
|
|
warning filters.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="versionadded">
|
|||
|
|
<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.2.</span></p>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</dd></dl>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="section" id="exception-hierarchy">
|
|||
|
|
<h2>Exception hierarchy<a class="headerlink" href="#exception-hierarchy" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
|||
|
|
<p>The class hierarchy for built-in exceptions is:</p>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="ne">BaseException</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">SystemExit</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">KeyboardInterrupt</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">GeneratorExit</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">Exception</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">StopIteration</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="n">StopAsyncIteration</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">ArithmeticError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">FloatingPointError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">OverflowError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">ZeroDivisionError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">AssertionError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">AttributeError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">BufferError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">EOFError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">ImportError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="n">ModuleNotFoundError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">LookupError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">IndexError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">KeyError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">MemoryError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">NameError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">UnboundLocalError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">OSError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">BlockingIOError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">ChildProcessError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">ConnectionError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">BrokenPipeError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">ConnectionAbortedError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">ConnectionRefusedError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">ConnectionResetError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">FileExistsError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">FileNotFoundError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">InterruptedError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">IsADirectoryError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">NotADirectoryError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">PermissionError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">ProcessLookupError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">TimeoutError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">ReferenceError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">RuntimeError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">NotImplementedError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="n">RecursionError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">SyntaxError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">IndentationError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">TabError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">SystemError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">TypeError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">ValueError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">UnicodeError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">UnicodeDecodeError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">UnicodeEncodeError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">UnicodeTranslateError</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">Warning</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">DeprecationWarning</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">PendingDeprecationWarning</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">RuntimeWarning</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">SyntaxWarning</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">UserWarning</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">FutureWarning</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">ImportWarning</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">UnicodeWarning</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">BytesWarning</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span class="o">+--</span> <span class="ne">ResourceWarning</span>
|
|||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
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</div>
|
|||
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|
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|
|||
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<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
|
|||
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<h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
|
|||
|
|
<ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Built-in Exceptions</a><ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#base-classes">Base classes</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#concrete-exceptions">Concrete exceptions</a><ul>
|
|||
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#os-exceptions">OS exceptions</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#warnings">Warnings</a></li>
|
|||
|
|
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#exception-hierarchy">Exception hierarchy</a></li>
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
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|
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|
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|
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