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python-3.7.4-docs-html/_sources/reference/toplevel_components.rst.txt

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+.. _top-level:
+
+********************
+Top-level components
+********************
+
+.. index:: single: interpreter
+
+The Python interpreter can get its input from a number of sources: from a script
+passed to it as standard input or as program argument, typed in interactively,
+from a module source file, etc.  This chapter gives the syntax used in these
+cases.
+
+
+.. _programs:
+
+Complete Python programs
+========================
+
+.. index:: single: program
+
+.. index::
+   module: sys
+   module: __main__
+   module: builtins
+
+While a language specification need not prescribe how the language interpreter
+is invoked, it is useful to have a notion of a complete Python program.  A
+complete Python program is executed in a minimally initialized environment: all
+built-in and standard modules are available, but none have been initialized,
+except for :mod:`sys` (various system services), :mod:`builtins` (built-in
+functions, exceptions and ``None``) and :mod:`__main__`.  The latter is used to
+provide the local and global namespace for execution of the complete program.
+
+The syntax for a complete Python program is that for file input, described in
+the next section.
+
+.. index::
+   single: interactive mode
+   module: __main__
+
+The interpreter may also be invoked in interactive mode; in this case, it does
+not read and execute a complete program but reads and executes one statement
+(possibly compound) at a time.  The initial environment is identical to that of
+a complete program; each statement is executed in the namespace of
+:mod:`__main__`.
+
+.. index::
+   single: UNIX
+   single: Windows
+   single: command line
+   single: standard input
+
+A complete program can be passed to the interpreter
+in three forms: with the :option:`-c` *string* command line option, as a file
+passed as the first command line argument, or as standard input.  If the file
+or standard input is a tty device, the interpreter enters interactive mode;
+otherwise, it executes the file as a complete program.
+
+
+.. _file-input:
+
+File input
+==========
+
+All input read from non-interactive files has the same form:
+
+.. productionlist::
+   file_input: (NEWLINE | `statement`)*
+
+This syntax is used in the following situations:
+
+* when parsing a complete Python program (from a file or from a string);
+
+* when parsing a module;
+
+* when parsing a string passed to the :func:`exec` function;
+
+
+.. _interactive:
+
+Interactive input
+=================
+
+Input in interactive mode is parsed using the following grammar:
+
+.. productionlist::
+   interactive_input: [`stmt_list`] NEWLINE | `compound_stmt` NEWLINE
+
+Note that a (top-level) compound statement must be followed by a blank line in
+interactive mode; this is needed to help the parser detect the end of the input.
+
+
+.. _expression-input:
+
+Expression input
+================
+
+.. index:: single: input
+.. index:: builtin: eval
+
+:func:`eval` is used for expression input.  It ignores leading whitespace. The
+string argument to :func:`eval` must have the following form:
+
+.. productionlist::
+   eval_input: `expression_list` NEWLINE*