add files
This commit is contained in:
Caleb Fontenot
183
python-3.7.4-docs-html/_sources/using/mac.rst.txt
Normal file
183
python-3.7.4-docs-html/_sources/using/mac.rst.txt
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
|
||||
|
||||
.. _using-on-mac:
|
||||
|
||||
***************************
|
||||
Using Python on a Macintosh
|
||||
***************************
|
||||
|
||||
:Author: Bob Savage <bobsavage@mac.com>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Python on a Macintosh running Mac OS X is in principle very similar to Python on
|
||||
any other Unix platform, but there are a number of additional features such as
|
||||
the IDE and the Package Manager that are worth pointing out.
|
||||
|
||||
.. _getting-osx:
|
||||
|
||||
Getting and Installing MacPython
|
||||
================================
|
||||
|
||||
Mac OS X 10.8 comes with Python 2.7 pre-installed by Apple. If you wish, you
|
||||
are invited to install the most recent version of Python 3 from the Python
|
||||
website (https://www.python.org). A current "universal binary" build of Python,
|
||||
which runs natively on the Mac's new Intel and legacy PPC CPU's, is available
|
||||
there.
|
||||
|
||||
What you get after installing is a number of things:
|
||||
|
||||
* A :file:`Python 3.7` folder in your :file:`Applications` folder. In here
|
||||
you find IDLE, the development environment that is a standard part of official
|
||||
Python distributions; PythonLauncher, which handles double-clicking Python
|
||||
scripts from the Finder; and the "Build Applet" tool, which allows you to
|
||||
package Python scripts as standalone applications on your system.
|
||||
|
||||
* A framework :file:`/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework`, which includes the
|
||||
Python executable and libraries. The installer adds this location to your shell
|
||||
path. To uninstall MacPython, you can simply remove these three things. A
|
||||
symlink to the Python executable is placed in /usr/local/bin/.
|
||||
|
||||
The Apple-provided build of Python is installed in
|
||||
:file:`/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework` and :file:`/usr/bin/python`,
|
||||
respectively. You should never modify or delete these, as they are
|
||||
Apple-controlled and are used by Apple- or third-party software. Remember that
|
||||
if you choose to install a newer Python version from python.org, you will have
|
||||
two different but functional Python installations on your computer, so it will
|
||||
be important that your paths and usages are consistent with what you want to do.
|
||||
|
||||
IDLE includes a help menu that allows you to access Python documentation. If you
|
||||
are completely new to Python you should start reading the tutorial introduction
|
||||
in that document.
|
||||
|
||||
If you are familiar with Python on other Unix platforms you should read the
|
||||
section on running Python scripts from the Unix shell.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
How to run a Python script
|
||||
--------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Your best way to get started with Python on Mac OS X is through the IDLE
|
||||
integrated development environment, see section :ref:`ide` and use the Help menu
|
||||
when the IDE is running.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to run Python scripts from the Terminal window command line or from
|
||||
the Finder you first need an editor to create your script. Mac OS X comes with a
|
||||
number of standard Unix command line editors, :program:`vim` and
|
||||
:program:`emacs` among them. If you want a more Mac-like editor,
|
||||
:program:`BBEdit` or :program:`TextWrangler` from Bare Bones Software (see
|
||||
http://www.barebones.com/products/bbedit/index.html) are good choices, as is
|
||||
:program:`TextMate` (see https://macromates.com/). Other editors include
|
||||
:program:`Gvim` (http://macvim-dev.github.io/macvim/) and :program:`Aquamacs`
|
||||
(http://aquamacs.org/).
|
||||
|
||||
To run your script from the Terminal window you must make sure that
|
||||
:file:`/usr/local/bin` is in your shell search path.
|
||||
|
||||
To run your script from the Finder you have two options:
|
||||
|
||||
* Drag it to :program:`PythonLauncher`
|
||||
|
||||
* Select :program:`PythonLauncher` as the default application to open your
|
||||
script (or any .py script) through the finder Info window and double-click it.
|
||||
:program:`PythonLauncher` has various preferences to control how your script is
|
||||
launched. Option-dragging allows you to change these for one invocation, or use
|
||||
its Preferences menu to change things globally.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _osx-gui-scripts:
|
||||
|
||||
Running scripts with a GUI
|
||||
--------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
With older versions of Python, there is one Mac OS X quirk that you need to be
|
||||
aware of: programs that talk to the Aqua window manager (in other words,
|
||||
anything that has a GUI) need to be run in a special way. Use :program:`pythonw`
|
||||
instead of :program:`python` to start such scripts.
|
||||
|
||||
With Python 3.7, you can use either :program:`python` or :program:`pythonw`.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Configuration
|
||||
-------------
|
||||
|
||||
Python on OS X honors all standard Unix environment variables such as
|
||||
:envvar:`PYTHONPATH`, but setting these variables for programs started from the
|
||||
Finder is non-standard as the Finder does not read your :file:`.profile` or
|
||||
:file:`.cshrc` at startup. You need to create a file
|
||||
:file:`~/.MacOSX/environment.plist`. See Apple's Technical Document QA1067 for
|
||||
details.
|
||||
|
||||
For more information on installation Python packages in MacPython, see section
|
||||
:ref:`mac-package-manager`.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _ide:
|
||||
|
||||
The IDE
|
||||
=======
|
||||
|
||||
MacPython ships with the standard IDLE development environment. A good
|
||||
introduction to using IDLE can be found at
|
||||
http://www.hashcollision.org/hkn/python/idle_intro/index.html.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. _mac-package-manager:
|
||||
|
||||
Installing Additional Python Packages
|
||||
=====================================
|
||||
|
||||
There are several methods to install additional Python packages:
|
||||
|
||||
* Packages can be installed via the standard Python distutils mode (``python
|
||||
setup.py install``).
|
||||
|
||||
* Many packages can also be installed via the :program:`setuptools` extension
|
||||
or :program:`pip` wrapper, see https://pip.pypa.io/.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
GUI Programming on the Mac
|
||||
==========================
|
||||
|
||||
There are several options for building GUI applications on the Mac with Python.
|
||||
|
||||
*PyObjC* is a Python binding to Apple's Objective-C/Cocoa framework, which is
|
||||
the foundation of most modern Mac development. Information on PyObjC is
|
||||
available from https://pypi.org/project/pyobjc/.
|
||||
|
||||
The standard Python GUI toolkit is :mod:`tkinter`, based on the cross-platform
|
||||
Tk toolkit (https://www.tcl.tk). An Aqua-native version of Tk is bundled with OS
|
||||
X by Apple, and the latest version can be downloaded and installed from
|
||||
https://www.activestate.com; it can also be built from source.
|
||||
|
||||
*wxPython* is another popular cross-platform GUI toolkit that runs natively on
|
||||
Mac OS X. Packages and documentation are available from https://www.wxpython.org.
|
||||
|
||||
*PyQt* is another popular cross-platform GUI toolkit that runs natively on Mac
|
||||
OS X. More information can be found at
|
||||
https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/intro.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Distributing Python Applications on the Mac
|
||||
===========================================
|
||||
|
||||
The "Build Applet" tool that is placed in the MacPython 3.6 folder is fine for
|
||||
packaging small Python scripts on your own machine to run as a standard Mac
|
||||
application. This tool, however, is not robust enough to distribute Python
|
||||
applications to other users.
|
||||
|
||||
The standard tool for deploying standalone Python applications on the Mac is
|
||||
:program:`py2app`. More information on installing and using py2app can be found
|
||||
at http://undefined.org/python/#py2app.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Other Resources
|
||||
===============
|
||||
|
||||
The MacPython mailing list is an excellent support resource for Python users and
|
||||
developers on the Mac:
|
||||
|
||||
https://www.python.org/community/sigs/current/pythonmac-sig/
|
||||
|
||||
Another useful resource is the MacPython wiki:
|
||||
|
||||
https://wiki.python.org/moin/MacPython
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user