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python-3.7.4-docs-html/_sources/using/unix.rst.txt

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+.. highlightlang:: sh
+
+.. _using-on-unix:
+
+********************************
+ Using Python on Unix platforms
+********************************
+
+.. sectionauthor:: Shriphani Palakodety
+
+
+Getting and installing the latest version of Python
+===================================================
+
+On Linux
+--------
+
+Python comes preinstalled on most Linux distributions, and is available as a
+package on all others.  However there are certain features you might want to use
+that are not available on your distro's package.  You can easily compile the
+latest version of Python from source.
+
+In the event that Python doesn't come preinstalled and isn't in the repositories as
+well, you can easily make packages for your own distro.  Have a look at the
+following links:
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/first.en.html
+      for Debian users
+   https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Packaging
+      for OpenSuse users
+   https://docs-old.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/RPM_Guide/ch-creating-rpms.html
+      for Fedora users
+   http://www.slackbook.org/html/package-management-making-packages.html
+      for Slackware users
+
+
+On FreeBSD and OpenBSD
+----------------------
+
+* FreeBSD users, to add the package use::
+
+     pkg install python3
+
+* OpenBSD users, to add the package use::
+
+     pkg_add -r python
+
+     pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/<insert your architecture here>/python-<version>.tgz
+
+  For example i386 users get the 2.5.1 version of Python using::
+
+     pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/i386/python-2.5.1p2.tgz
+
+
+On OpenSolaris
+--------------
+
+You can get Python from `OpenCSW <https://www.opencsw.org/>`_.  Various versions
+of Python are available and can be installed with e.g. ``pkgutil -i python27``.
+
+
+.. _building-python-on-unix:
+
+Building Python
+===============
+
+If you want to compile CPython yourself, first thing you should do is get the
+`source <https://www.python.org/downloads/source/>`_. You can download either the
+latest release's source or just grab a fresh `clone
+<https://devguide.python.org/setup/#getting-the-source-code>`_.  (If you want
+to contribute patches, you will need a clone.)
+
+The build process consists in the usual ::
+
+   ./configure
+   make
+   make install
+
+invocations. Configuration options and caveats for specific Unix platforms are
+extensively documented in the :source:`README.rst` file in the root of the Python
+source tree.
+
+.. warning::
+
+   ``make install`` can overwrite or masquerade the :file:`python3` binary.
+   ``make altinstall`` is therefore recommended instead of ``make install``
+   since it only installs :file:`{exec_prefix}/bin/python{version}`.
+
+
+Python-related paths and files
+==============================
+
+These are subject to difference depending on local installation conventions;
+:envvar:`prefix` (``${prefix}``) and :envvar:`exec_prefix` (``${exec_prefix}``)
+are installation-dependent and should be interpreted as for GNU software; they
+may be the same.
+
+For example, on most Linux systems, the default for both is :file:`/usr`.
+
++-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+| File/directory                                | Meaning                                  |
++===============================================+==========================================+
+| :file:`{exec_prefix}/bin/python3`             | Recommended location of the interpreter. |
++-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+| :file:`{prefix}/lib/python{version}`,         | Recommended locations of the directories |
+| :file:`{exec_prefix}/lib/python{version}`     | containing the standard modules.         |
++-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+| :file:`{prefix}/include/python{version}`,     | Recommended locations of the directories |
+| :file:`{exec_prefix}/include/python{version}` | containing the include files needed for  |
+|                                               | developing Python extensions and         |
+|                                               | embedding the interpreter.               |
++-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
+
+
+Miscellaneous
+=============
+
+To easily use Python scripts on Unix, you need to make them executable,
+e.g. with
+
+.. code-block:: shell-session
+
+   $ chmod +x script
+
+and put an appropriate Shebang line at the top of the script.  A good choice is
+usually ::
+
+   #!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+which searches for the Python interpreter in the whole :envvar:`PATH`.  However,
+some Unices may not have the :program:`env` command, so you may need to hardcode
+``/usr/bin/python3`` as the interpreter path.
+
+To use shell commands in your Python scripts, look at the :mod:`subprocess` module.
+
+
+Editors and IDEs
+================
+
+There are a number of IDEs that support Python programming language.
+Many editors and IDEs provide syntax highlighting, debugging tools, and :pep:`8` checks.
+
+Please go to `Python Editors <https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors>`_ and
+`Integrated Development Environments <https://wiki.python.org/moin/IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironments>`_
+for a comprehensive list.