<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>plistlib — Generate and parse Mac OS X .plist files — Python 3.7.4 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/language_data.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 3.7.4 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="Cryptographic Services" href="crypto.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="xdrlib — Encode and decode XDR data" href="xdrlib.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/plistlib.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/switchers.js"></script> <style> @media only screen { table.full-width-table { width: 100%; } } </style> </head><body> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="crypto.html" title="Cryptographic Services" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="xdrlib.html" title="xdrlib — Encode and decode XDR data" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <span class="language_switcher_placeholder">en</span> <span class="version_switcher_placeholder">3.7.4</span> <a href="../index.html">Documentation </a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="fileformats.html" accesskey="U">File Formats</a> »</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="module-plistlib"> <span id="plistlib-generate-and-parse-mac-os-x-plist-files"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-plistlib" title="plistlib: Generate and parse Mac OS X plist files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">plistlib</span></code></a> — Generate and parse Mac OS X <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.plist</span></code> files<a class="headerlink" href="#module-plistlib" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.7/Lib/plistlib.py">Lib/plistlib.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" id="index-0" /> <p>This module provides an interface for reading and writing the “property list” files used mainly by Mac OS X and supports both binary and XML plist files.</p> <p>The property list (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.plist</span></code>) file format is a simple serialization supporting basic object types, like dictionaries, lists, numbers and strings. Usually the top level object is a dictionary.</p> <p>To write out and to parse a plist file, use the <a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.dump" title="plistlib.dump"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dump()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.load" title="plistlib.load"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load()</span></code></a> functions.</p> <p>To work with plist data in bytes objects, use <a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.dumps" title="plistlib.dumps"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dumps()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.loads" title="plistlib.loads"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loads()</span></code></a>.</p> <p>Values can be strings, integers, floats, booleans, tuples, lists, dictionaries (but only with string keys), <a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.Data" title="plistlib.Data"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Data</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>, <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytesarray</span></code> or <a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#datetime.datetime" title="datetime.datetime"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.datetime</span></code></a> objects.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.4: </span>New API, old API deprecated. Support for binary format plists added.</p> </div> <div class="admonition seealso"> <p class="admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="simple"> <dt><a class="reference external" href="https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/PropertyLists/">PList manual page</a></dt><dd><p>Apple’s documentation of the file format.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <p>This module defines the following functions:</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="plistlib.load"> <code class="descclassname">plistlib.</code><code class="descname">load</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>fp</em>, <em>*</em>, <em>fmt=None</em>, <em>use_builtin_types=True</em>, <em>dict_type=dict</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#plistlib.load" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Read a plist file. <em>fp</em> should be a readable and binary file object. Return the unpacked root object (which usually is a dictionary).</p> <p>The <em>fmt</em> is the format of the file and the following values are valid:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a>: Autodetect the file format</p></li> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.FMT_XML" title="plistlib.FMT_XML"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FMT_XML</span></code></a>: XML file format</p></li> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.FMT_BINARY" title="plistlib.FMT_BINARY"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FMT_BINARY</span></code></a>: Binary plist format</p></li> </ul> <p>If <em>use_builtin_types</em> is true (the default) binary data will be returned as instances of <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>, otherwise it is returned as instances of <a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.Data" title="plistlib.Data"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Data</span></code></a>.</p> <p>The <em>dict_type</em> is the type used for dictionaries that are read from the plist file.</p> <p>XML data for the <a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.FMT_XML" title="plistlib.FMT_XML"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FMT_XML</span></code></a> format is parsed using the Expat parser from <a class="reference internal" href="pyexpat.html#module-xml.parsers.expat" title="xml.parsers.expat: An interface to the Expat non-validating XML parser."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.parsers.expat</span></code></a> – see its documentation for possible exceptions on ill-formed XML. Unknown elements will simply be ignored by the plist parser.</p> <p>The parser for the binary format raises <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InvalidFileException</span></code> when the file cannot be parsed.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.4.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="plistlib.loads"> <code class="descclassname">plistlib.</code><code class="descname">loads</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>data</em>, <em>*</em>, <em>fmt=None</em>, <em>use_builtin_types=True</em>, <em>dict_type=dict</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#plistlib.loads" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Load a plist from a bytes object. See <a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.load" title="plistlib.load"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load()</span></code></a> for an explanation of the keyword arguments.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.4.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="plistlib.dump"> <code class="descclassname">plistlib.</code><code class="descname">dump</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>value</em>, <em>fp</em>, <em>*</em>, <em>fmt=FMT_XML</em>, <em>sort_keys=True</em>, <em>skipkeys=False</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#plistlib.dump" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Write <em>value</em> to a plist file. <em>Fp</em> should be a writable, binary file object.</p> <p>The <em>fmt</em> argument specifies the format of the plist file and can be one of the following values:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.FMT_XML" title="plistlib.FMT_XML"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FMT_XML</span></code></a>: XML formatted plist file</p></li> <li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.FMT_BINARY" title="plistlib.FMT_BINARY"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FMT_BINARY</span></code></a>: Binary formatted plist file</p></li> </ul> <p>When <em>sort_keys</em> is true (the default) the keys for dictionaries will be written to the plist in sorted order, otherwise they will be written in the iteration order of the dictionary.</p> <p>When <em>skipkeys</em> is false (the default) the function raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> when a key of a dictionary is not a string, otherwise such keys are skipped.</p> <p>A <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> will be raised if the object is of an unsupported type or a container that contains objects of unsupported types.</p> <p>An <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OverflowError" title="OverflowError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code></a> will be raised for integer values that cannot be represented in (binary) plist files.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.4.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="plistlib.dumps"> <code class="descclassname">plistlib.</code><code class="descname">dumps</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>value</em>, <em>*</em>, <em>fmt=FMT_XML</em>, <em>sort_keys=True</em>, <em>skipkeys=False</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#plistlib.dumps" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return <em>value</em> as a plist-formatted bytes object. See the documentation for <a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.dump" title="plistlib.dump"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dump()</span></code></a> for an explanation of the keyword arguments of this function.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.4.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <p>The following functions are deprecated:</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="plistlib.readPlist"> <code class="descclassname">plistlib.</code><code class="descname">readPlist</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>pathOrFile</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#plistlib.readPlist" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Read a plist file. <em>pathOrFile</em> may be either a file name or a (readable and binary) file object. Returns the unpacked root object (which usually is a dictionary).</p> <p>This function calls <a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.load" title="plistlib.load"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load()</span></code></a> to do the actual work, see the documentation of <a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.load" title="plistlib.load"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">that</span> <span class="pre">function</span></code></a> for an explanation of the keyword arguments.</p> <div class="deprecated"> <p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.4: </span>Use <a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.load" title="plistlib.load"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load()</span></code></a> instead.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>Dict values in the result are now normal dicts. You no longer can use attribute access to access items of these dictionaries.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="plistlib.writePlist"> <code class="descclassname">plistlib.</code><code class="descname">writePlist</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>rootObject</em>, <em>pathOrFile</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#plistlib.writePlist" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Write <em>rootObject</em> to an XML plist file. <em>pathOrFile</em> may be either a file name or a (writable and binary) file object</p> <div class="deprecated"> <p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.4: </span>Use <a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.dump" title="plistlib.dump"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dump()</span></code></a> instead.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="plistlib.readPlistFromBytes"> <code class="descclassname">plistlib.</code><code class="descname">readPlistFromBytes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#plistlib.readPlistFromBytes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Read a plist data from a bytes object. Return the root object.</p> <p>See <a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.load" title="plistlib.load"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load()</span></code></a> for a description of the keyword arguments.</p> <div class="deprecated"> <p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.4: </span>Use <a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.loads" title="plistlib.loads"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loads()</span></code></a> instead.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.7: </span>Dict values in the result are now normal dicts. You no longer can use attribute access to access items of these dictionaries.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="plistlib.writePlistToBytes"> <code class="descclassname">plistlib.</code><code class="descname">writePlistToBytes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>rootObject</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#plistlib.writePlistToBytes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return <em>rootObject</em> as an XML plist-formatted bytes object.</p> <div class="deprecated"> <p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.4: </span>Use <a class="reference internal" href="#plistlib.dumps" title="plistlib.dumps"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dumps()</span></code></a> instead.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <p>The following classes are available:</p> <dl class="class"> <dt id="plistlib.Data"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">plistlib.</code><code class="descname">Data</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#plistlib.Data" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a “data” wrapper object around the bytes object <em>data</em>. This is used in functions converting from/to plists to represent the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre"><data></span></code> type available in plists.</p> <p>It has one attribute, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">data</span></code>, that can be used to retrieve the Python bytes object stored in it.</p> <div class="deprecated"> <p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 3.4: </span>Use a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> object instead.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <p>The following constants are available:</p> <dl class="data"> <dt id="plistlib.FMT_XML"> <code class="descclassname">plistlib.</code><code class="descname">FMT_XML</code><a class="headerlink" href="#plistlib.FMT_XML" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The XML format for plist files.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.4.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="plistlib.FMT_BINARY"> <code class="descclassname">plistlib.</code><code class="descname">FMT_BINARY</code><a class="headerlink" href="#plistlib.FMT_BINARY" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The binary format for plist files</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 3.4.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <div class="section" id="examples"> <h2>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Generating a plist:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">aString</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"Doodah"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aList</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"A"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"B"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">32.1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]],</span> <span class="n">aFloat</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">anInt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">728</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aDict</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">anotherString</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"<hello & hi there!>"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aThirdString</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"M</span><span class="se">\xe4</span><span class="s2">ssig, Ma</span><span class="se">\xdf</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aTrueValue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aFalseValue</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">someData</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sa">b</span><span class="s2">"<binary gunk>"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">someMoreData</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sa">b</span><span class="s2">"<lots of binary gunk>"</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">aDate</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fromtimestamp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mktime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gmtime</span><span class="p">())),</span> <span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fileName</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'wb'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">dump</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pl</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Parsing a plist:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fileName</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'rb'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">pl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fp</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pl</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"aKey"</span><span class="p">])</span> </pre></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">plistlib</span></code> — Generate and parse Mac OS X <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.plist</span></code> files</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples">Examples</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="xdrlib.html" title="previous chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xdrlib</span></code> — Encode and decode XDR data</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="crypto.html" title="next chapter">Cryptographic Services</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.7/Doc/library/plistlib.rst" rel="nofollow">Show Source </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="crypto.html" title="Cryptographic Services" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a 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