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<div class="section" id="complex-number-objects">
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<span id="complexobjects"></span><h1>Complex Number Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#complex-number-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p id="index-0">Python’s complex number objects are implemented as two distinct types when
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viewed from the C API: one is the Python object exposed to Python programs, and
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the other is a C structure which represents the actual complex number value.
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The API provides functions for working with both.</p>
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<div class="section" id="complex-numbers-as-c-structures">
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<h2>Complex Numbers as C Structures<a class="headerlink" href="#complex-numbers-as-c-structures" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Note that the functions which accept these structures as parameters and return
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them as results do so <em>by value</em> rather than dereferencing them through
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pointers. This is consistent throughout the API.</p>
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<dl class="type">
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<dt id="c.Py_complex">
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<code class="descname">Py_complex</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>The C structure which corresponds to the value portion of a Python complex
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number object. Most of the functions for dealing with complex number objects
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use structures of this type as input or output values, as appropriate. It is
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defined as:</p>
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<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">typedef</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">real</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="kt">double</span> <span class="n">imag</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="p">}</span> <span class="n">Py_complex</span><span class="p">;</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="c._Py_c_sum">
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<a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a> <code class="descname">_Py_c_sum</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> left</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> right</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c._Py_c_sum" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return the sum of two complex numbers, using the C <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_complex</span></code></a>
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representation.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="c._Py_c_diff">
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<a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a> <code class="descname">_Py_c_diff</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> left</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> right</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c._Py_c_diff" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return the difference between two complex numbers, using the C
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<a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_complex</span></code></a> representation.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="c._Py_c_neg">
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<a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a> <code class="descname">_Py_c_neg</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> complex</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c._Py_c_neg" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return the negation of the complex number <em>complex</em>, using the C
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<a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_complex</span></code></a> representation.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="c._Py_c_prod">
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<a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a> <code class="descname">_Py_c_prod</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> left</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> right</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c._Py_c_prod" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return the product of two complex numbers, using the C <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_complex</span></code></a>
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representation.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="c._Py_c_quot">
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<a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a> <code class="descname">_Py_c_quot</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> dividend</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> divisor</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c._Py_c_quot" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return the quotient of two complex numbers, using the C <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_complex</span></code></a>
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representation.</p>
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<p>If <em>divisor</em> is null, this method returns zero and sets
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<code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> to <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EDOM</span></code>.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="c._Py_c_pow">
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<a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a> <code class="descname">_Py_c_pow</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> num</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> exp</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c._Py_c_pow" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return the exponentiation of <em>num</em> by <em>exp</em>, using the C <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_complex</span></code></a>
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representation.</p>
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<p>If <em>num</em> is null and <em>exp</em> is not a positive real number,
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this method returns zero and sets <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">errno</span></code> to <code class="xref c c-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EDOM</span></code>.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="complex-numbers-as-python-objects">
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<h2>Complex Numbers as Python Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#complex-numbers-as-python-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<dl class="type">
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<dt id="c.PyComplexObject">
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<code class="descname">PyComplexObject</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyComplexObject" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>This subtype of <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyObject</span></code></a> represents a Python complex number object.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="var">
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<dt id="c.PyComplex_Type">
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<a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject">PyTypeObject</a> <code class="descname">PyComplex_Type</code><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyComplex_Type" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>This instance of <a class="reference internal" href="type.html#c.PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></code></a> represents the Python complex number
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type. It is the same object as <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#complex" title="complex"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">complex</span></code></a> in the Python layer.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="c.PyComplex_Check">
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int <code class="descname">PyComplex_Check</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *p</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyComplex_Check" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return true if its argument is a <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyComplexObject" title="PyComplexObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyComplexObject</span></code></a> or a subtype of
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<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyComplexObject" title="PyComplexObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyComplexObject</span></code></a>.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="c.PyComplex_CheckExact">
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int <code class="descname">PyComplex_CheckExact</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *p</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyComplex_CheckExact" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return true if its argument is a <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyComplexObject" title="PyComplexObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyComplexObject</span></code></a>, but not a subtype of
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<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyComplexObject" title="PyComplexObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyComplexObject</span></code></a>.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="c.PyComplex_FromCComplex">
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<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyComplex_FromCComplex</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a><em> v</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyComplex_FromCComplex" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Create a new Python complex number object from a C <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_complex</span></code></a> value.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="c.PyComplex_FromDoubles">
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<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyComplex_FromDoubles</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>double<em> real</em>, double<em> imag</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyComplex_FromDoubles" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyComplexObject" title="PyComplexObject"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyComplexObject</span></code></a> object from <em>real</em> and <em>imag</em>.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="c.PyComplex_RealAsDouble">
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double <code class="descname">PyComplex_RealAsDouble</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *op</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyComplex_RealAsDouble" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return the real part of <em>op</em> as a C <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">double</span></code>.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="c.PyComplex_ImagAsDouble">
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double <code class="descname">PyComplex_ImagAsDouble</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *op</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyComplex_ImagAsDouble" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
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<dd><p>Return the imaginary part of <em>op</em> as a C <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">double</span></code>.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<dl class="function">
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<dt id="c.PyComplex_AsCComplex">
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||
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex">Py_complex</a> <code class="descname">PyComplex_AsCComplex</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *op</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyComplex_AsCComplex" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Return the <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_complex" title="Py_complex"><code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Py_complex</span></code></a> value of the complex number <em>op</em>.</p>
|
||
<p>If <em>op</em> is not a Python complex number object but has a <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__complex__" title="object.__complex__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__complex__()</span></code></a>
|
||
method, this method will first be called to convert <em>op</em> to a Python complex
|
||
number object. Upon failure, this method returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1.0</span></code> as a real value.</p>
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</dd></dl>
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<h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Complex Number Objects</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#complex-numbers-as-c-structures">Complex Numbers as C Structures</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#complex-numbers-as-python-objects">Complex Numbers as Python Objects</a></li>
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