329 lines
27 KiB
HTML
329 lines
27 KiB
HTML
|
||
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
|
||
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
|
||
<head>
|
||
<meta charset="utf-8" />
|
||
<title>fcntl — The fcntl and ioctl system calls — Python 3.7.4 documentation</title>
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css" type="text/css" />
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
|
||
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/language_data.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"
|
||
title="Search within Python 3.7.4 documentation"
|
||
href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/>
|
||
<link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" />
|
||
<link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" />
|
||
<link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" />
|
||
<link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" />
|
||
<link rel="next" title="pipes — Interface to shell pipelines" href="pipes.html" />
|
||
<link rel="prev" title="pty — Pseudo-terminal utilities" href="pty.html" />
|
||
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" />
|
||
<link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/fcntl.html" />
|
||
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/switchers.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<style>
|
||
@media only screen {
|
||
table.full-width-table {
|
||
width: 100%;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</style>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</head><body>
|
||
|
||
<div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation">
|
||
<h3>Navigation</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
|
||
<a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
|
||
accesskey="I">index</a></li>
|
||
<li class="right" >
|
||
<a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
|
||
>modules</a> |</li>
|
||
<li class="right" >
|
||
<a href="pipes.html" title="pipes — Interface to shell pipelines"
|
||
accesskey="N">next</a> |</li>
|
||
<li class="right" >
|
||
<a href="pty.html" title="pty — Pseudo-terminal utilities"
|
||
accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li>
|
||
<li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt=""
|
||
style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<span class="language_switcher_placeholder">en</span>
|
||
<span class="version_switcher_placeholder">3.7.4</span>
|
||
<a href="../index.html">Documentation </a> »
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="unix.html" accesskey="U">Unix Specific Services</a> »</li>
|
||
<li class="right">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search">
|
||
<form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get">
|
||
<input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" />
|
||
<input type="submit" value="Go" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script>
|
||
|
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="document">
|
||
<div class="documentwrapper">
|
||
<div class="bodywrapper">
|
||
<div class="body" role="main">
|
||
|
||
<div class="section" id="module-fcntl">
|
||
<span id="fcntl-the-fcntl-and-ioctl-system-calls"></span><h1><a class="reference internal" href="#module-fcntl" title="fcntl: The fcntl() and ioctl() system calls. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fcntl</span></code></a> — The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fcntl</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ioctl</span></code> system calls<a class="headerlink" href="#module-fcntl" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||
<hr class="docutils" id="index-0" />
|
||
<p>This module performs file control and I/O control on file descriptors. It is an
|
||
interface to the <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fcntl()</span></code> and <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ioctl()</span></code> Unix routines. For a
|
||
complete description of these calls, see <em class="manpage">fcntl(2)</em> and
|
||
<em class="manpage">ioctl(2)</em> Unix manual pages.</p>
|
||
<p>All functions in this module take a file descriptor <em>fd</em> as their first
|
||
argument. This can be an integer file descriptor, such as returned by
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdin.fileno()</span></code>, or an <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.IOBase" title="io.IOBase"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io.IOBase</span></code></a> object, such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdin</span></code>
|
||
itself, which provides a <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.IOBase.fileno" title="io.IOBase.fileno"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fileno()</span></code></a> that returns a genuine file
|
||
descriptor.</p>
|
||
<div class="versionchanged">
|
||
<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.3: </span>Operations in this module used to raise an <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#IOError" title="IOError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IOError</span></code></a> where they now
|
||
raise an <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>The module defines the following functions:</p>
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="fcntl.fcntl">
|
||
<code class="descclassname">fcntl.</code><code class="descname">fcntl</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>fd</em>, <em>cmd</em>, <em>arg=0</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fcntl.fcntl" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Perform the operation <em>cmd</em> on file descriptor <em>fd</em> (file objects providing
|
||
a <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.IOBase.fileno" title="io.IOBase.fileno"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fileno()</span></code></a> method are accepted as well). The values used
|
||
for <em>cmd</em> are operating system dependent, and are available as constants
|
||
in the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-fcntl" title="fcntl: The fcntl() and ioctl() system calls. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fcntl</span></code></a> module, using the same names as used in the relevant C
|
||
header files. The argument <em>arg</em> can either be an integer value, or a
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> object. With an integer value, the return value of this
|
||
function is the integer return value of the C <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fcntl()</span></code> call. When
|
||
the argument is bytes it represents a binary structure, e.g. created by
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="struct.html#struct.pack" title="struct.pack"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct.pack()</span></code></a>. The binary data is copied to a buffer whose address is
|
||
passed to the C <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fcntl()</span></code> call. The return value after a successful
|
||
call is the contents of the buffer, converted to a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> object.
|
||
The length of the returned object will be the same as the length of the
|
||
<em>arg</em> argument. This is limited to 1024 bytes. If the information returned
|
||
in the buffer by the operating system is larger than 1024 bytes, this is
|
||
most likely to result in a segmentation violation or a more subtle data
|
||
corruption.</p>
|
||
<p>If the <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fcntl()</span></code> fails, an <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> is raised.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="fcntl.ioctl">
|
||
<code class="descclassname">fcntl.</code><code class="descname">ioctl</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>fd</em>, <em>request</em>, <em>arg=0</em>, <em>mutate_flag=True</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fcntl.ioctl" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>This function is identical to the <a class="reference internal" href="#fcntl.fcntl" title="fcntl.fcntl"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fcntl()</span></code></a> function, except
|
||
that the argument handling is even more complicated.</p>
|
||
<p>The <em>request</em> parameter is limited to values that can fit in 32-bits.
|
||
Additional constants of interest for use as the <em>request</em> argument can be
|
||
found in the <a class="reference internal" href="termios.html#module-termios" title="termios: POSIX style tty control. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios</span></code></a> module, under the same names as used in
|
||
the relevant C header files.</p>
|
||
<p>The parameter <em>arg</em> can be one of an integer, an object supporting the
|
||
read-only buffer interface (like <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>) or an object supporting
|
||
the read-write buffer interface (like <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytearray" title="bytearray"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code></a>).</p>
|
||
<p>In all but the last case, behaviour is as for the <a class="reference internal" href="#fcntl.fcntl" title="fcntl.fcntl"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fcntl()</span></code></a>
|
||
function.</p>
|
||
<p>If a mutable buffer is passed, then the behaviour is determined by the value of
|
||
the <em>mutate_flag</em> parameter.</p>
|
||
<p>If it is false, the buffer’s mutability is ignored and behaviour is as for a
|
||
read-only buffer, except that the 1024 byte limit mentioned above is avoided –
|
||
so long as the buffer you pass is at least as long as what the operating system
|
||
wants to put there, things should work.</p>
|
||
<p>If <em>mutate_flag</em> is true (the default), then the buffer is (in effect) passed
|
||
to the underlying <a class="reference internal" href="#fcntl.ioctl" title="fcntl.ioctl"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ioctl()</span></code></a> system call, the latter’s return code is
|
||
passed back to the calling Python, and the buffer’s new contents reflect the
|
||
action of the <a class="reference internal" href="#fcntl.ioctl" title="fcntl.ioctl"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ioctl()</span></code></a>. This is a slight simplification, because if the
|
||
supplied buffer is less than 1024 bytes long it is first copied into a static
|
||
buffer 1024 bytes long which is then passed to <a class="reference internal" href="#fcntl.ioctl" title="fcntl.ioctl"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ioctl()</span></code></a> and copied back
|
||
into the supplied buffer.</p>
|
||
<p>If the <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ioctl()</span></code> fails, an <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> exception is raised.</p>
|
||
<p>An example:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">array</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">fcntl</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">struct</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">termios</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getpgrp</span><span class="p">()</span>
|
||
<span class="go">13341</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">struct</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">unpack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'h'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fcntl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ioctl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TIOCGPGRP</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">" "</span><span class="p">))[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<span class="go">13341</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">buf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">array</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'h'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">fcntl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ioctl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">termios</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TIOCGPGRP</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="go">0</span>
|
||
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">buf</span>
|
||
<span class="go">array('h', [13341])</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="fcntl.flock">
|
||
<code class="descclassname">fcntl.</code><code class="descname">flock</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>fd</em>, <em>operation</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fcntl.flock" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>Perform the lock operation <em>operation</em> on file descriptor <em>fd</em> (file objects providing
|
||
a <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.IOBase.fileno" title="io.IOBase.fileno"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fileno()</span></code></a> method are accepted as well). See the Unix manual
|
||
<em class="manpage">flock(2)</em> for details. (On some systems, this function is emulated
|
||
using <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fcntl()</span></code>.)</p>
|
||
<p>If the <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">flock()</span></code> fails, an <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> exception is raised.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl class="function">
|
||
<dt id="fcntl.lockf">
|
||
<code class="descclassname">fcntl.</code><code class="descname">lockf</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>fd</em>, <em>cmd</em>, <em>len=0</em>, <em>start=0</em>, <em>whence=0</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fcntl.lockf" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>This is essentially a wrapper around the <a class="reference internal" href="#fcntl.fcntl" title="fcntl.fcntl"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fcntl()</span></code></a> locking calls.
|
||
<em>fd</em> is the file descriptor of the file to lock or unlock, and <em>cmd</em>
|
||
is one of the following values:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOCK_UN</span></code> – unlock</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOCK_SH</span></code> – acquire a shared lock</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOCK_EX</span></code> – acquire an exclusive lock</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>When <em>cmd</em> is <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOCK_SH</span></code> or <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOCK_EX</span></code>, it can also be
|
||
bitwise ORed with <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOCK_NB</span></code> to avoid blocking on lock acquisition.
|
||
If <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOCK_NB</span></code> is used and the lock cannot be acquired, an
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> will be raised and the exception will have an <em>errno</em>
|
||
attribute set to <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EACCES</span></code> or <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EAGAIN</span></code> (depending on the
|
||
operating system; for portability, check for both values). On at least some
|
||
systems, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOCK_EX</span></code> can only be used if the file descriptor refers to a
|
||
file opened for writing.</p>
|
||
<p><em>len</em> is the number of bytes to lock, <em>start</em> is the byte offset at
|
||
which the lock starts, relative to <em>whence</em>, and <em>whence</em> is as with
|
||
<a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.IOBase.seek" title="io.IOBase.seek"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io.IOBase.seek()</span></code></a>, specifically:</p>
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> – relative to the start of the file (<a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.SEEK_SET" title="os.SEEK_SET"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.SEEK_SET</span></code></a>)</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> – relative to the current buffer position (<a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.SEEK_CUR" title="os.SEEK_CUR"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.SEEK_CUR</span></code></a>)</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code> – relative to the end of the file (<a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.SEEK_END" title="os.SEEK_END"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.SEEK_END</span></code></a>)</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>The default for <em>start</em> is 0, which means to start at the beginning of the file.
|
||
The default for <em>len</em> is 0 which means to lock to the end of the file. The
|
||
default for <em>whence</em> is also 0.</p>
|
||
</dd></dl>
|
||
|
||
<p>Examples (all on a SVR4 compliant system):</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">struct</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">fcntl</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">os</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">rv</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fcntl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fcntl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fcntl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">F_SETFL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">O_NDELAY</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="n">lockdata</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">struct</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hhllhh'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fcntl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">F_WRLCK</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">rv</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fcntl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fcntl</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fcntl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">F_SETLKW</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">lockdata</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Note that in the first example the return value variable <em>rv</em> will hold an
|
||
integer value; in the second example it will hold a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#bytes" title="bytes"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> object. The
|
||
structure lay-out for the <em>lockdata</em> variable is system dependent — therefore
|
||
using the <a class="reference internal" href="#fcntl.flock" title="fcntl.flock"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">flock()</span></code></a> call may be better.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition seealso">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
|
||
<dl class="simple">
|
||
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#module-os" title="os: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>If the locking flags <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.O_SHLOCK" title="os.O_SHLOCK"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">O_SHLOCK</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.O_EXLOCK" title="os.O_EXLOCK"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">O_EXLOCK</span></code></a> are
|
||
present in the <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#module-os" title="os: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code></a> module (on BSD only), the <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.open" title="os.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.open()</span></code></a>
|
||
function provides an alternative to the <a class="reference internal" href="#fcntl.lockf" title="fcntl.lockf"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lockf()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#fcntl.flock" title="fcntl.flock"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">flock()</span></code></a>
|
||
functions.</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
|
||
<div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
|
||
<h4>Previous topic</h4>
|
||
<p class="topless"><a href="pty.html"
|
||
title="previous chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pty</span></code> — Pseudo-terminal utilities</a></p>
|
||
<h4>Next topic</h4>
|
||
<p class="topless"><a href="pipes.html"
|
||
title="next chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pipes</span></code> — Interface to shell pipelines</a></p>
|
||
<div role="note" aria-label="source link">
|
||
<h3>This Page</h3>
|
||
<ul class="this-page-menu">
|
||
<li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.7/Doc/library/fcntl.rst"
|
||
rel="nofollow">Show Source
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="clearer"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation">
|
||
<h3>Navigation</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px">
|
||
<a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index"
|
||
>index</a></li>
|
||
<li class="right" >
|
||
<a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index"
|
||
>modules</a> |</li>
|
||
<li class="right" >
|
||
<a href="pipes.html" title="pipes — Interface to shell pipelines"
|
||
>next</a> |</li>
|
||
<li class="right" >
|
||
<a href="pty.html" title="pty — Pseudo-terminal utilities"
|
||
>previous</a> |</li>
|
||
<li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt=""
|
||
style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<span class="language_switcher_placeholder">en</span>
|
||
<span class="version_switcher_placeholder">3.7.4</span>
|
||
<a href="../index.html">Documentation </a> »
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li>
|
||
<li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="unix.html" >Unix Specific Services</a> »</li>
|
||
<li class="right">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search">
|
||
<form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get">
|
||
<input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" />
|
||
<input type="submit" value="Go" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script>
|
||
|
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="footer">
|
||
© <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2001-2019, Python Software Foundation.
|
||
<br />
|
||
The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation.
|
||
<a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a>
|
||
<br />
|
||
Last updated on Jul 13, 2019.
|
||
<a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>?
|
||
<br />
|
||
Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 2.0.1.
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html> |