Replaced Index and Vertex buffer descriptions using descriptor sets with the VMA Library, massively simplifying the creation of the Vertex and Index buffer, and uses push constants

Makefile

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ CPPFLAGS=-std=c++23 -g
 CFLAGS = -g
 LDFLAGS=-lglfw -Ilib -ldl -lpthread -lX11 -lXxf86vm -lXrandr -lXi -ltinyobjloader -Ilib/imgui -DIMGUI_IMPL_VULKAN_NO_PROTOTYPES
 MAKEFLAGS += -j16
-
 SRC = $(shell find . -name "*.cpp")
 CSRC = $(shell find . -name "*.c")
 SHDRSRC = $(shell find . -name "*.frag" -o -name "*vert")

assets/models/untitled.mtl

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Blender 4.2.3 LTS MTL File: 'None'
+# www.blender.org
+
+newmtl Material
+Ns 250.000000
+Ka 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000
+Ks 0.500000 0.500000 0.500000
+Ke 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
+Ni 1.450000
+d 1.000000
+illum 2
+map_Kd /home/lillian/Downloads/d41777258e68c9d7046fc03c4d1d1e89.png

assets/models/untitled.obj

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Blender 4.2.3 LTS
+# www.blender.org
+mtllib untitled.mtl
+o Cube
+v 1.000000 1.000000 -1.000000
+v 1.000000 -1.000000 -1.000000
+v 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000
+v 1.000000 -1.000000 1.000000
+v -1.000000 1.000000 -1.000000
+v -1.000000 -1.000000 -1.000000
+v -1.000000 1.000000 1.000000
+v -1.000000 -1.000000 1.000000
+vn -0.0000 1.0000 -0.0000
+vn -0.0000 -0.0000 1.0000
+vn -1.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000
+vn -0.0000 -1.0000 -0.0000
+vn 1.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000
+vn -0.0000 -0.0000 -1.0000
+vt 1.000000 -0.000021
+vt 1.000057 1.000011
+vt -0.000000 1.000005
+vt 0.000022 -0.000026
+s 0
+usemtl Material
+f 1/1/1 5/2/1 7/3/1 3/4/1
+f 4/2/2 3/3/2 7/4/2 8/1/2
+f 8/2/3 7/3/3 5/4/3 6/1/3
+f 6/1/4 2/2/4 4/3/4 8/4/4
+f 2/2/5 1/3/5 3/4/5 4/1/5
+f 6/2/6 5/3/6 1/4/6 2/1/6

imgui.ini

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ Pos=60,60
 Size=400,400
 
 [Window][Agnosia Debug]
-Pos=194,438
+Pos=522,0
-Size=583,225
+Size=583,202
 

src/devicelibrary.cpp

@@ -300,14 +300,19 @@ void DeviceControl::createLogicalDevice() {
     queueCreateSingularInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;
     queueCreateInfos.push_back(queueCreateSingularInfo);
   }
-
+  VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features features12{
+      .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_2_FEATURES,
+      .pNext = nullptr,
+      .bufferDeviceAddress = true,
+  };
   VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features features13{
       .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_3_FEATURES,
-      .pNext = nullptr,
+      .pNext = &features12,
       .synchronization2 = true,
       .dynamicRendering = true,
   };
   VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures featuresBase{
+      .robustBufferAccess = true,
       .sampleRateShading = true,
       .samplerAnisotropy = true,
   };

src/entrypoint.cpp

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ VkInstance vulkaninstance;
 GLFWwindow *window;
 const uint32_t WIDTH = 800;
 const uint32_t HEIGHT = 600;
+
 // Getters and Setters!
 void EntryApp::setFramebufferResized(bool setter) {
   framebufferResized = setter;
@@ -76,12 +77,8 @@ void createInstance() {
                                        glfwExtensions + glfwExtensionCount);
 
   VkInstanceCreateInfo createInfo{}; // Define parameters of new vulkan instance
-  createInfo.sType =
+  createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
-      VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO; // Tell vulkan this is a info
+  createInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo;
-                                              // structure
-  createInfo.pApplicationInfo =
-      &appInfo; // We just created a new appInfo structure, so we pass the
-                // pointer to it.
   createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(extensions.size());
   createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions.data();
 
@@ -101,6 +98,7 @@ void initVulkan() {
   DeviceControl::createLogicalDevice();
   volkLoadDevice(DeviceControl::getDevice());
   DeviceControl::createSwapChain(window);
+  Buffers::createMemoryAllocator(vulkaninstance);
   DeviceControl::createImageViews();
   Buffers::createDescriptorSetLayout();
   Graphics::createGraphicsPipeline();
@@ -110,14 +108,13 @@ void initVulkan() {
   Texture::createTextureImage();
   Texture::createTextureImageView();
   Texture::createTextureSampler();
-  Model::loadModel();
+  Model::loadModel(glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0));
-  Buffers::createVertexBuffer();
-  Buffers::createIndexBuffer();
   Buffers::createUniformBuffers();
   Buffers::createDescriptorPool();
   Buffers::createDescriptorSets();
   Graphics::createCommandBuffer();
   Render::createSyncObject();
+
   Gui::initImgui(vulkaninstance);
 }
 

src/entrypoint.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
+
 class EntryApp {
 public:
   static EntryApp &getInstance();

src/graphics/buffers.cpp

@@ -1,21 +1,34 @@
 #include "../devicelibrary.h"
+#include "../types.h"
 #include "buffers.h"
 #include "texture.h"
+
 #include <chrono>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <functional>
 #include <glm/ext/matrix_clip_space.hpp>
 #include <glm/ext/matrix_transform.hpp>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <vulkan/vulkan_core.h>
+
+#define VMA_STATIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 0
+#define VMA_DYNAMIC_VULKAN_FUNCTIONS 1
+#define VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"
 
 VkBuffer vertexBuffer;
 VkDeviceMemory vertexBufferMemory;
 VkBuffer indexBuffer;
 VkDeviceMemory indexBufferMemory;
 
-std::vector<Buffers::Vertex> vertices;
+std::vector<Agnosia_T::Vertex> vertices;
 // Index buffer definition, showing which points to reuse.
 std::vector<uint32_t> indices;
 
+VmaAllocator _allocator;
+Agnosia_T::GPUPushConstants pushConstants;
+
 VkDescriptorPool descriptorPool;
 VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout;
 std::vector<VkDescriptorSet> descriptorSets;
@@ -60,6 +73,40 @@ uint32_t Buffers::findMemoryType(uint32_t typeFilter,
   throw std::runtime_error("failed to find suitable memory type!");
 }
 
+void immediate_submit(std::function<void(VkCommandBuffer cmd)> &&function) {
+  VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
+  allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
+  allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
+  allocInfo.commandPool = commandPool;
+  allocInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
+
+  VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer;
+  vkAllocateCommandBuffers(DeviceControl::getDevice(), &allocInfo,
+                           &commandBuffer);
+
+  VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo{};
+  beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
+  beginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;
+
+  vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &beginInfo);
+
+  function(commandBuffer);
+
+  vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer);
+
+  VkSubmitInfo submitInfo{};
+  submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
+  submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
+  submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer;
+
+  vkQueueSubmit(DeviceControl::getGraphicsQueue(), 1, &submitInfo,
+                VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+  vkQueueWaitIdle(DeviceControl::getGraphicsQueue());
+
+  vkFreeCommandBuffers(DeviceControl::getDevice(), commandPool, 1,
+                       &commandBuffer);
+}
+
 void copyBuffer(VkBuffer srcBuffer, VkBuffer dstBuffer, VkDeviceSize size) {
   VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
   allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
@@ -95,6 +142,101 @@ void copyBuffer(VkBuffer srcBuffer, VkBuffer dstBuffer, VkDeviceSize size) {
   vkFreeCommandBuffers(DeviceControl::getDevice(), commandPool, 1,
                        &commandBuffer);
 }
+void Buffers::createMemoryAllocator(VkInstance vkInstance) {
+  VmaVulkanFunctions vulkanFuncs{
+      .vkGetInstanceProcAddr = vkGetInstanceProcAddr,
+      .vkGetDeviceProcAddr = vkGetDeviceProcAddr,
+  };
+  VmaAllocatorCreateInfo allocInfo{
+      .flags = VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT,
+      .physicalDevice = DeviceControl::getPhysicalDevice(),
+      .device = DeviceControl::getDevice(),
+      .pVulkanFunctions = &vulkanFuncs,
+      .instance = vkInstance,
+      .vulkanApiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_3,
+
+  };
+  vmaCreateAllocator(&allocInfo, &_allocator);
+}
+Agnosia_T::AllocatedBuffer Buffers::createBuffer(size_t allocSize,
+                                                 VkBufferUsageFlags usage,
+                                                 VmaMemoryUsage memUsage) {
+  // Allocate the buffer we will use for Device Addresses
+  VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo{.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+                                .pNext = nullptr,
+                                .size = allocSize,
+                                .usage = usage};
+  VmaAllocationCreateInfo vmaAllocInfo{
+      .flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT, .usage = memUsage};
+
+  Agnosia_T::AllocatedBuffer newBuffer;
+  if (vmaCreateBuffer(_allocator, &bufferInfo, &vmaAllocInfo, &newBuffer.buffer,
+                      &newBuffer.allocation, &newBuffer.info) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    throw std::runtime_error("Failed to allocate a buffer using VMA!");
+  }
+  return newBuffer;
+}
+
+Agnosia_T::GPUMeshBuffers
+Buffers::sendMesh(std::span<uint32_t> indices,
+                  std::span<Agnosia_T::Vertex> vertices) {
+
+  const size_t vertexBufferSize = vertices.size() * sizeof(Agnosia_T::Vertex);
+  const size_t indexBufferSize = indices.size() * sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+  Agnosia_T::GPUMeshBuffers newSurface;
+
+  // Create a Vertex Buffer here, infinitely easier than the old Vulkan method!
+  newSurface.vertexBuffer = createBuffer(
+      vertexBufferSize,
+      VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT |
+          VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT,
+      VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY);
+  // Find the address of the vertex buffer!
+  VkBufferDeviceAddressInfo deviceAddressInfo{
+      .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_INFO,
+      .buffer = newSurface.vertexBuffer.buffer,
+  };
+  newSurface.vertexBufferAddress =
+      vkGetBufferDeviceAddress(DeviceControl::getDevice(), &deviceAddressInfo);
+
+  // Create the index buffer to iterate over and check for duplicate vertices
+  newSurface.indexBuffer = createBuffer(indexBufferSize,
+                                        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT |
+                                            VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT,
+                                        VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY);
+
+  Agnosia_T::AllocatedBuffer stagingBuffer =
+      createBuffer(vertexBufferSize + indexBufferSize,
+                   VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY);
+
+  void *data = stagingBuffer.allocation->GetMappedData();
+
+  // Copy the vertex buffer
+  memcpy(data, vertices.data(), vertexBufferSize);
+  // Copy the index buffer
+  memcpy((char *)data + vertexBufferSize, indices.data(), indexBufferSize);
+
+  immediate_submit([&](VkCommandBuffer cmd) {
+    VkBufferCopy vertexCopy{0};
+    vertexCopy.dstOffset = 0;
+    vertexCopy.srcOffset = 0;
+    vertexCopy.size = vertexBufferSize;
+
+    vkCmdCopyBuffer(cmd, stagingBuffer.buffer, newSurface.vertexBuffer.buffer,
+                    1, &vertexCopy);
+
+    VkBufferCopy indexCopy{0};
+    indexCopy.dstOffset = 0;
+    indexCopy.srcOffset = vertexBufferSize;
+    indexCopy.size = indexBufferSize;
+
+    vkCmdCopyBuffer(cmd, stagingBuffer.buffer, newSurface.indexBuffer.buffer, 1,
+                    &indexCopy);
+  });
+  vmaDestroyBuffer(_allocator, stagingBuffer.buffer, stagingBuffer.allocation);
+  return newSurface;
+}
 
 void Buffers::createBuffer(VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage,
                            VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkBuffer &buffer,
@@ -128,68 +270,6 @@ void Buffers::createBuffer(VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage,
   vkBindBufferMemory(DeviceControl::getDevice(), buffer, bufferMemory, 0);
 }
 
-void Buffers::createIndexBuffer() {
-  VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(indices[0]) * indices.size();
-
-  VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
-  VkDeviceMemory stagingBufferMemory;
-
-  createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT,
-               VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT |
-                   VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT,
-               stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory);
-
-  void *data;
-  vkMapMemory(DeviceControl::getDevice(), stagingBufferMemory, 0, bufferSize, 0,
-              &data);
-  memcpy(data, indices.data(), (size_t)bufferSize);
-
-  vkUnmapMemory(DeviceControl::getDevice(), stagingBufferMemory);
-
-  createBuffer(
-      bufferSize,
-      VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT,
-      VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, indexBuffer, indexBufferMemory);
-
-  copyBuffer(stagingBuffer, indexBuffer, bufferSize);
-
-  vkDestroyBuffer(DeviceControl::getDevice(), stagingBuffer, nullptr);
-  vkFreeMemory(DeviceControl::getDevice(), stagingBufferMemory, nullptr);
-}
-void Buffers::createVertexBuffer() {
-  // Create a Vertex Buffer to hold the vertex information in memory so it
-  // doesn't have to be hardcoded! Size denotes the size of the buffer in bytes,
-  // usage in this case is the buffer behaviour, using a bitwise OR. Sharing
-  // mode denostes the same as the images in the swap chain! in this case, only
-  // the graphics queue uses this buffer, so we make it exclusive.
-  VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(vertices[0]) * vertices.size();
-
-  VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
-  VkDeviceMemory stagingBufferMemory;
-  createBuffer(bufferSize,
-               VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT |
-                   VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT,
-               VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT |
-                   VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT,
-               stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory);
-
-  void *data;
-  vkMapMemory(DeviceControl::getDevice(), stagingBufferMemory, 0, bufferSize, 0,
-              &data);
-  memcpy(data, vertices.data(), (size_t)bufferSize);
-  vkUnmapMemory(DeviceControl::getDevice(), stagingBufferMemory);
-
-  createBuffer(
-      bufferSize,
-      VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT,
-      VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, vertexBuffer, vertexBufferMemory);
-
-  copyBuffer(stagingBuffer, vertexBuffer, bufferSize);
-
-  vkDestroyBuffer(DeviceControl::getDevice(), stagingBuffer, nullptr);
-  vkFreeMemory(DeviceControl::getDevice(), stagingBufferMemory, nullptr);
-}
-
 void Buffers::destroyBuffers() {
   vkDestroyBuffer(DeviceControl::getDevice(), indexBuffer, nullptr);
   vkFreeMemory(DeviceControl::getDevice(), indexBufferMemory, nullptr);
@@ -373,8 +453,6 @@ void Buffers::createDescriptorSets() {
 void Buffers::destroyDescriptorPool() {
   vkDestroyDescriptorPool(DeviceControl::getDevice(), descriptorPool, nullptr);
 }
-VkBuffer &Buffers::getVertexBuffer() { return vertexBuffer; }
-VkBuffer &Buffers::getIndexBuffer() { return indexBuffer; }
 VkDescriptorPool &Buffers::getDescriptorPool() { return descriptorPool; }
 std::vector<VkDescriptorSet> &Buffers::getDescriptorSets() {
   return descriptorSets;
@@ -397,5 +475,5 @@ VkCommandPool &Buffers::getCommandPool() { return commandPool; }
 VkDescriptorSetLayout &Buffers::getDescriptorSetLayout() {
   return descriptorSetLayout;
 }
-std::vector<Buffers::Vertex> &Buffers::getVertices() { return vertices; }
+std::vector<Agnosia_T::Vertex> &Buffers::getVertices() { return vertices; }
 std::vector<uint32_t> &Buffers::getIndices() { return indices; }

src/graphics/buffers.h

@@ -1,68 +1,29 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <span>
 #define VK_NO_PROTOTYPES
+#include "../types.h"
 #include "volk.h"
 #include <vector>
-#define GLM_FORCE_DEPTH_ZERO_TO_ONE
-#include <glm/glm.hpp>
-
 #define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
 #include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
-#include <array>
 
 class Buffers {
 
 public:
-  struct Vertex {
+  static Agnosia_T::AllocatedBuffer createBuffer(size_t allocSize,
-    // This defines what a vertex is!
+                                                 VkBufferUsageFlags usage,
-    // We control the position, color and texture coordinate here!
+                                                 VmaMemoryUsage memUsage);
-    glm::vec3 pos;
+  static void createMemoryAllocator(VkInstance vkInstance);
-    glm::vec3 color;
+  static Agnosia_T::GPUMeshBuffers
-    glm::vec2 texCoord;
+  sendMesh(std::span<uint32_t> indices, std::span<Agnosia_T::Vertex> vertices);
-
-    static VkVertexInputBindingDescription getBindingDescription() {
-      VkVertexInputBindingDescription bindingDescription{};
-      bindingDescription.binding = 0;
-      bindingDescription.stride = sizeof(Vertex);
-      bindingDescription.inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX;
-
-      return bindingDescription;
-    }
-    static std::array<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription, 3>
-    getAttributeDescriptions() {
-      std::array<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription, 3> attributeDescriptions{};
-
-      attributeDescriptions[0].binding = 0;
-      attributeDescriptions[0].location = 0;
-      attributeDescriptions[0].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
-      attributeDescriptions[0].offset = offsetof(Vertex, pos);
-
-      attributeDescriptions[1].binding = 0;
-      attributeDescriptions[1].location = 1;
-      attributeDescriptions[1].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
-      attributeDescriptions[1].offset = offsetof(Vertex, color);
-
-      attributeDescriptions[2].binding = 0;
-      attributeDescriptions[2].location = 2;
-      attributeDescriptions[2].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
-      attributeDescriptions[2].offset = offsetof(Vertex, texCoord);
-      return attributeDescriptions;
-    }
-    bool operator==(const Vertex &other) const {
-      return pos == other.pos && color == other.color &&
-             texCoord == other.texCoord;
-    }
-  };
   static void createBuffer(VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage,
                            VkMemoryPropertyFlags props, VkBuffer &buffer,
                            VkDeviceMemory &bufferMemory);
   static uint32_t findMemoryType(uint32_t typeFilter,
                                  VkMemoryPropertyFlags flags);
-  static void createIndexBuffer();
-  static void createVertexBuffer();
   static void destroyBuffers();
-  static VkBuffer &getVertexBuffer();
-  static VkBuffer &getIndexBuffer();
   static void createDescriptorSetLayout();
   static void createUniformBuffers();
   static void updateUniformBuffer(uint32_t currentImage);
@@ -85,6 +46,6 @@ public:
   static std::vector<VkBuffer> &getUniformBuffers();
   static std::vector<VkDeviceMemory> &getUniformBuffersMemory();
   static VkCommandPool &getCommandPool();
-  static std::vector<Vertex> &getVertices();
+  static std::vector<Agnosia_T::Vertex> &getVertices();
   static std::vector<uint32_t> &getIndices();
 };

src/graphics/graphicspipeline.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "render.h"
 #include "texture.h"
 #include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
 
 std::vector<VkDynamicState> dynamicStates = {VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
                                              VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR};
@@ -83,8 +84,8 @@ void Graphics::createGraphicsPipeline() {
   vertexInputInfo.sType =
       VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
 
-  auto bindingDescription = Buffers::Vertex::getBindingDescription();
+  auto bindingDescription = Agnosia_T::Vertex::getBindingDescription();
-  auto attributeDescriptions = Buffers::Vertex::getAttributeDescriptions();
+  auto attributeDescriptions = Agnosia_T::Vertex::getAttributeDescriptions();
 
   vertexInputInfo.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 1;
   vertexInputInfo.pVertexBindingDescriptions = &bindingDescription;
@@ -174,10 +175,18 @@ void Graphics::createGraphicsPipeline() {
   dynamicState.dynamicStateCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(dynamicStates.size());
   dynamicState.pDynamicStates = dynamicStates.data();
 
+  VkPushConstantRange pushConstant{
+      .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
+      .offset = 0,
+      .size = sizeof(Agnosia_T::GPUPushConstants),
+  };
+
   VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo{};
   pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
   pipelineLayoutInfo.setLayoutCount = 1;
   pipelineLayoutInfo.pSetLayouts = &Buffers::getDescriptorSetLayout();
+  pipelineLayoutInfo.pPushConstantRanges = &pushConstant;
+  pipelineLayoutInfo.pushConstantRangeCount = 1;
 
   if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(DeviceControl::getDevice(), &pipelineLayoutInfo,
                              nullptr, &pipelineLayout) != VK_SUCCESS) {
@@ -256,7 +265,6 @@ void Graphics::createCommandBuffer() {
     throw std::runtime_error("Failed to allocate command buffers");
   }
 }
-
 void Graphics::recordCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer,
                                    uint32_t imageIndex) {
   VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo{};
@@ -344,10 +352,15 @@ void Graphics::recordCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer,
   scissor.extent = DeviceControl::getSwapChainExtent();
   vkCmdSetScissor(commandBuffer, 0, 1, &scissor);
 
-  VkBuffer vertexBuffers[] = {Buffers::getVertexBuffer()};
+  Agnosia_T::GPUMeshBuffers Model =
-  VkDeviceSize offsets[] = {0};
+      Buffers::sendMesh(Buffers::getIndices(), Buffers::getVertices());
-  vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(commandBuffer, 0, 1, vertexBuffers, offsets);
+
-  vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(commandBuffer, Buffers::getIndexBuffer(), 0,
+  Agnosia_T::GPUPushConstants pushConsts;
+  pushConsts.vertexBuffer = Model.vertexBufferAddress;
+
+  vkCmdPushConstants(commandBuffer, pipelineLayout, VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
+                     0, sizeof(Agnosia_T::GPUPushConstants), &pushConsts);
+  vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(commandBuffer, Model.indexBuffer.buffer, 0,
                        VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);
 
   vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(

src/graphics/model.cpp

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
 #include <glm/gtx/hash.hpp>
 
 namespace std {
-template <> struct hash<Buffers::Vertex> {
+template <> struct hash<Agnosia_T::Vertex> {
-  size_t operator()(Buffers::Vertex const &vertex) const {
+  size_t operator()(Agnosia_T::Vertex const &vertex) const {
     return ((hash<glm::vec3>()(vertex.pos) ^
              (hash<glm::vec3>()(vertex.color) << 1)) >>
             1) ^
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ template <> struct hash<Buffers::Vertex> {
 
 const std::string MODEL_PATH = "assets/models/viking_room.obj";
 
-void Model::loadModel() {
+void Model::loadModel(glm::vec3 position) {
   tinyobj::ObjReaderConfig readerConfig;
 
   tinyobj::ObjReader reader;
@@ -38,15 +38,15 @@ void Model::loadModel() {
   auto &attrib = reader.GetAttrib();
   auto &shapes = reader.GetShapes();
   auto &materials = reader.GetMaterials();
-  std::unordered_map<Buffers::Vertex, uint32_t> uniqueVertices{};
+  std::unordered_map<Agnosia_T::Vertex, uint32_t> uniqueVertices{};
 
   for (const auto &shape : shapes) {
     for (const auto &index : shape.mesh.indices) {
-      Buffers::Vertex vertex{};
+      Agnosia_T::Vertex vertex{};
 
-      vertex.pos = {attrib.vertices[3 * index.vertex_index + 0],
+      vertex.pos = {attrib.vertices[3 * index.vertex_index + 0] + position.x,
-                    attrib.vertices[3 * index.vertex_index + 1],
+                    attrib.vertices[3 * index.vertex_index + 1] + position.y,
-                    attrib.vertices[3 * index.vertex_index + 2]};
+                    attrib.vertices[3 * index.vertex_index + 2] + position.z};
 
       // TODO: Small fix here, handle if there are no UV's unwrapped for the
       // model.

src/graphics/model.h

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#define GLM_FORCE_DEPTH_ZERO_TO_ONE
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
 class Model {
 public:
-  static void loadModel();
+  static void loadModel(glm::vec3 position);
 };

src/graphics/render.cpp

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ void recreateSwapChain() {
 void Render::drawFrame() {
   vkWaitForFences(DeviceControl::getDevice(), 1, &inFlightFences[currentFrame],
                   VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
+
   vkResetFences(DeviceControl::getDevice(), 1, &inFlightFences[currentFrame]);
 
   uint32_t imageIndex;

src/main.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "entrypoint.h"
+
 #include <iostream>
 
 #define VOLK_IMPLEMENTATION

src/shaders/vertex.vert

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_buffer_reference : require
 
 layout(binding = 0) uniform UniformBufferObject {
     float time;
@@ -6,20 +7,26 @@ layout(binding = 0) uniform UniformBufferObject {
     mat4 view;
     mat4 proj;
 } ubo;
+struct Vertex {
 
-// inPosition and inColor are vertex attributes, per-vertex properties defined in the vertex buffer!
+	vec3 pos;
-// Layout assigns indices to access these inputs, dvec3 takes 2 slots so we must index it at 2. https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/Layout_Qualifier_(GLSL)
+    vec3 color;
+    vec2 texCoord;
+}; 
 
-layout(location = 0) in vec3 inPosition;
+layout(buffer_reference, std430) readonly buffer VertexBuffer{ 
-layout(location = 1) in vec3 inColor;
+	Vertex vertices[];
-layout(location = 2) in vec2 inTexCoord;
+};
+layout( push_constant ) uniform constants {
+    VertexBuffer vertBuffer;
+}PushConstants;
 
 layout(location = 0) out vec3 fragColor;
 layout(location = 1) out vec2 fragTexCoord;
 
 void main() {
-    
+    Vertex v = PushConstants.vertBuffer.vertices[gl_VertexIndex];
-    gl_Position = ubo.proj * ubo.view * ubo.model * vec4(inPosition, 1.0);
+    gl_Position = ubo.proj * ubo.view * ubo.model * vec4(v.pos, 1.0f);
-    fragColor = inColor;
+    fragColor = v.color.xyz;
-    fragTexCoord = inTexCoord;
+    fragTexCoord = v.texCoord;
 }

src/types.h

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#define GLM_FORCE_DEPTH_ZERO_TO_ONE
+
+#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"
+#include <array>
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+
+class Agnosia_T {
+public:
+  struct Vertex {
+    // This defines what a vertex is!
+    // We control the position, color and texture coordinate here!
+    alignas(16) glm::vec3 pos;
+    alignas(16) glm::vec3 color;
+    alignas(8) glm::vec2 texCoord;
+
+    static VkVertexInputBindingDescription getBindingDescription() {
+      VkVertexInputBindingDescription bindingDescription{};
+      bindingDescription.binding = 0;
+      bindingDescription.stride = sizeof(Vertex);
+      bindingDescription.inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX;
+
+      return bindingDescription;
+    }
+    static std::array<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription, 3>
+    getAttributeDescriptions() {
+      std::array<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription, 3> attributeDescriptions{};
+
+      attributeDescriptions[0].binding = 0;
+      attributeDescriptions[0].location = 0;
+      attributeDescriptions[0].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
+      attributeDescriptions[0].offset = offsetof(Vertex, pos);
+
+      attributeDescriptions[1].binding = 0;
+      attributeDescriptions[1].location = 1;
+      attributeDescriptions[1].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
+      attributeDescriptions[1].offset = offsetof(Vertex, color);
+
+      attributeDescriptions[2].binding = 0;
+      attributeDescriptions[2].location = 2;
+      attributeDescriptions[2].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
+      attributeDescriptions[2].offset = offsetof(Vertex, texCoord);
+      return attributeDescriptions;
+    }
+    bool operator==(const Vertex &other) const {
+      return pos == other.pos && color == other.color &&
+             texCoord == other.texCoord;
+    }
+  };
+  struct AllocatedBuffer {
+    VkBuffer buffer;
+    VmaAllocation allocation;
+    VmaAllocationInfo info;
+  };
+  struct GPUMeshBuffers {
+    AllocatedBuffer indexBuffer;
+    AllocatedBuffer vertexBuffer;
+    VkDeviceAddress vertexBufferAddress;
+  };
+  struct GPUPushConstants {
+    VkDeviceAddress vertexBuffer;
+  };
+};